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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water
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photosynthesis
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A colored chemical compound that absorbs light
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pigment
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A substance that gives chloroplasts their green color and captures light energy during photosynthesis
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chlorophyll
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The small openings on the undersides of most leavwes through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
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stomata
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An organism that makes its own food
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autotroph
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An organism that cannot make its own food
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heterotroph
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The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain; also, the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells.
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respiration
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The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
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fermentation
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The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
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cell cycle
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The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs; during this stage, the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide.
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interphase
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The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
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replication
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The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
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mitosis
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A rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin; contains DNA, which carries the genetic information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type.
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chromosome
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One of the pair of identical rods of a chromosome.
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chromatid
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The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
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cytokinesis
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A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
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cancer
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A change in a gene or chromosome.
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mutation
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A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
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tumor
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The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
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chemotherapy
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A characteristic that an organism can pass onto its offspring through its genes.
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trait
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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heredity
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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
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DNA
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A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
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gene
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The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
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asexual reproduction
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The reproductive process that involves two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents.
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sexual reproduction
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A male sex cell.
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sperm
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A female sex cell.
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egg
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The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation.
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selective breeding
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