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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epidemiologic triad of disease
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host, environment, agent (vector)
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types of host-agent interactions
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1) infectivity
2) virulence 3) immunogenicity 4) pathogenicity |
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pathogenic mechanisms (not important)
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1) direct tissue invasion
2) production of toxin 3) immunologic enhancement or allergy 4) persistent or latent infxn 5) enhanced susceptibility to drugs 6) immune suppression |
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how can humans act as reservoirs?
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can be cases or carriers
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mechanisms of transmission?
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1) direct
2) indirect a. vehicle borne b. vector borne c. airborne |
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EKC via tonometer probe.
mode of transmission? |
vehicle borne
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malaria
mode of transmission? |
vector borne
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TB
mode of transmission? |
airborne
(inhalation of aerosolized bacteria) |
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SARS
mode of transmission? |
airborne
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what does herd immunity determine?
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whether or not an organism will be successful in creating an epidemic
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how can you transmit disease in an exam room?
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1) tears/ocular secretions
2) coughing/sneezing 3) blood |
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proportion of the world that is infected with TB
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1/3
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how many people in the world have active TB?
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20 mil
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# of new cases of TB per year?
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8 mil
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how many people die each year from TB?
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2-3 mil
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1) TB incidence in the US __ from 1953 to 1984.
2) what happened in 1985? |
1) decreased
2) the trend reversed |
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TB in the US: __ per 100,000
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4.2
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where is TB most incident?
least? |
in the most populated states (CA, TX, NY, FL)
north dakota, etc |
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genetic/health risk factors of TB?
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1) diabetes
2) silicosis 3) gastrecotomy 4) malnutrition 5) alcholism 6) hematologic disorders 7) malignancies 8) immunosuppression |
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you're more likely to have TB if you...
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have HIV/AIDS or are homeless (socioeconomic factors)
are male (2x more likely) |
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TB is found in __
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dark, poorly ventilated areas
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how likely are you to have TB within your lifetime?
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10%
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how likely are you to have active TB within 1 year?
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5%
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how can u prevent TB?
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1) ventilation
2) filters (HEPA) 3) screening |
