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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Term dialect |
- Dia + lego = through + i speak; - Variety of language that is characteristic of particular group of language speakers; - sociolect, ethnolect, regiolect; - where distinction made in pronunciation it's called accent. Also can be distinction in grammar, vocabulary, jargon. |
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Sozyasayysh yollary |
- Klassyk edebiyatdan gechen sozler: diyar, tug, talyp, jenap, aly, mushderi, kethuda... - rus dilinden hem sozler kan. Hazirki dowur sholar turkmen sozleri bn chalshyrylyar: proffesional, remont, prepodowatel (muderris). - Dialetktlardan gechen sozler: basgap, yorgandasy, binyat, padyman, zemmer (nosilka); - bilezik, gupba, tumar yaky say-sep sozleri arsarylarda ulanylyar, shondan edebi dile gechen. |
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Fonetik we morfologik yasalysh |
- fonetik: sozler fonetik taydan bolunyar. Amal-emel, butin-bitin, dirmek-duyrmek, danmek-donmek, usgurmek-asgyrmak...; - morfologik: sozun yzyndan ya onunden soz yasayjy goshulma goshulanda. Suffiks: pul-hana, gumruk-hana, dowlet-ara. Prefiks: bi-namys, na-dogry, ala-bahar. |
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Dialekt taryhy |
- edebi dil bolup bir dilektin saylanmagy uzak dowurlerin taryhyna baglydyr; - XX asyrda milli dil hasda kamilleshyar; |
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Dialect selecting factors |
- linguist argue about is it an independent language, or dialect of other language. - often, main language is the sociolect of elite and dialects considered low-status. |
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Ethymology |
- study of history of words, their origins; - ethymologists use written records to study history, or use comparitive linguistics for too old languages; - etymon + logos = true sense + study; - methods to study: philological research (older texts), dialectological data (variations between dialects), comparitive method (comparison of related languages), semantic change (hypothesis about changes in the meaning of word). |
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Turkmence etimologiya |
- etimologik dernew: chyb + yk, apa-aba, eje-eke; - hazirki sozlerin kokleri ir wagtdan ulanylyar emma uytgedi biraz: ig - kesel, og - yatkeshlik; - hameleon - uzlan, parol - um (kashgarly); - oguzlan dilinde arap-pars soz az bolupdyr bashda, son kopelya, oguz sozlerinj uytgedyar. |
