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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three basic fuels?
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Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins.
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What are Xenobiotic compounds?
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Compounds that have no use in the human body (may even be toxic).
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What is normal systolic? Diastolic?
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Systolic: 120mm Hg or less.
Diastolic: 80mm Hg or less. |
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What is the caloric content of carbohydrate?
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4 kcal/g
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What is the caloric content of fat?
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9 kcal/g
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What is the caloric content of protein?
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4 kcal/g
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What is the caloric content of alcohol?
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7 kcal/g
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One kcal is how many joules?
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4.18 kJ
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What are the major carbohydrates?
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Starch, sucrose, lactose, fructose, glucose.
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Disaccharide carbs
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sucrose, lactose
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Monosaccharide carbs
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fructose, glucose
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What is a triacylglycerol composed of?
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three fatty acids esterified to one glycerol moiety
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An increase in 1 degree Celsius increase the BMR my how much?
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12%
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Under what circumstances does the BMR increase?
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Pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, fever, lactation, growing children
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How do you roughly estimate the BMR?
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Multiply the body weight by 24 kcal/day/kg. and then multiply by the hourly activity factor (1-7)
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How do you calculate BMI, using the American system?
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(weight X 704)/(height^2)
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What are the essential amino acids?
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Lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, valine, tryptophan, phenylalinine, methionine, and histidine.
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What are the conditionally essential amino acids?
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Tyrosine, cysteine
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What are the essential fatty acids?
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a-linoleic and a-linolenic acid
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What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?
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Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin D, Vitamin K
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What are the 10 water-soluble vitamins?
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Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Folate, Vitamin B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Choline
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Vitamin C: Food Source, Consequences of Deficiency
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Fruit, potatoes, peppers, spinach
Scurvy: defective collagen formation leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage, aching bones, joints, and muscle in adults, rigid position and pain in infants. |
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Thiamin: Food source, Consequences of Deficiency
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Enriched cereals/bread, pork, legumes
Beriberi: edema, anorexia, apathy, decrease in short term memory, confusion, irritability, muscle weakness, enlarged heart |
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Riboflavin: Food source, Consequences of Deficiency
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Dairy products, meats, poultry, fish, legumes
Ariboflavinosis: sore throat, hyperemia, edema of oral mucosa, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, magenta tongue, and some other crap. |
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Niacin: Food source, consequences of deficieny
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most foods
Pellagra: pigmented rash in areas exposed to sunlight, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, bright red tongue, neurologic symptoms |
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Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine): food source, consequences of deficiency
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Chicken, pork, eggs, starchy veggies, nuts
Seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, convulsions, depression, confusion |
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Folate: food source, consequences of deficiency
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Citrus fruits, dark green veggies, legumes
Impaired cell division, megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects |
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Vitamin B12: food source, consequence of deficiency
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Animal products
Megaloblastic anemia, neurological symptoms, neuropathy. |
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Biotin: food source, consequence of deficiency
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Liver, egg yolk
Conjunctivitis, cns abnormalities, glossitis, dry scaly dermatitis |
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Pantothenic acid: food source, consequence of deficiciency
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most foods, especially animal tissues, legumes, grain
Irritability and restlessness, fatigue, apathy, malaise, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurologic symptoms. |
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Choline: food source, consequence of deficiency.
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milk, liver, eggs, peanuts
Liver damage |
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Vitamin A: food source, consequence of deficiency
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Carrots, leafy vegetables, squash
Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratinization of GI epithelium, resp and genitourinary tract, skin becomes dry and scaly |
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Vitamin K: food source, consequence of deficiency
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Leafy veggies, cabbage family, intestinal flora
Defective blood coagulation, hemorrhagiv anemia of the newborn |
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Vitamin D: food source, consequence of deficiency
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Fortified milk, exposure of skin to sunlight
Rickets (in children), inadequate bone osteomalacia |
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Vitamin E: food source, consequence of deficiency
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Vegetable oils, wheat germ, leafy green veggies
Muscular dystrophy, neurologic abnormalities |
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How much protein should be consumed daily?
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0.8g/kg
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What is marasmus malnutrition?
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Malnutrition caused by a deficiency in both protein and total calories.
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What is Kwashiorkor malnutrition?
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Malnutrition caused by protein and mineral deficiency yet normal amount of calories in diet.
Leads to hypoalbuminemia, anemia, edema, pot belly, and hair loss. |
