67Th Fire Prevention

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Used to gather information for preincident planning in commercial, institutional, industrial, and multifamily residential properties

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Surveys

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Made by fire inspectors and usually include enforcement of the most common code requirements

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Inspections

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List the four most common code requirements

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Housekeeping,

fire extinguisher accessibility and serviceability,

overloaded or illegal extension cords,

egress obstructions

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definition of Fire hazard

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A condition that increases the likelihood of a fire starting or would increase the extent or severity of a fire if one did start

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Fire causes by percent – electrical

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23%

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Fire causes by percent – smoking

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18%

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Fire causes by percent – friction

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10%

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Fire caused by percent – hot surfaces

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7%

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Fire causes by percent – flammable liquids

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5%

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Fire caused by percent – portable heaters

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5%

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Fire causes - spontaneous

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4%

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Fire caused by percent – arson

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3%

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Fire caused by percent – mechanical Sparks

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2%

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Fire causes by percent – static electricity or lightning

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1%

Front 15

Which element is the most manageable in terms of fire prevention?

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Control of heat sources is the most manageable – if heat sources are Separated from fuel supplies, the condition usually remain safe

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List your three heat source hazards

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1.chemical heat energy

2. Electrical heat energy

3. Mechanical heat energy

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Materials may come in contact with each other and react such as an oxidizer and reducing agent, or they may decompose and generate heat. Materials are usually being improperly stored

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Chemical heat energy

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Poorly maintained electrical appliances, exposed wiring, and lightning

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Electrical heat energy

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Moving parts on machines such as belts and bearings

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Mechanical heat energy

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Definition of Common fire hazard

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A condition that is prevalent in almost all occupancies and increases the likelihood of a fire starting

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Firefighters need to be alert to the following five common hazards:

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1. obstructed electrical panels,

2. poor housekeeping and improper storage of combustibles,

3. defective or improperly used heating, lighting, or power equipment,

4. improper disposal of cleaning compounds,

5 misuse of flammable or combustible liquids

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Any structure in which there is a greater than normal potential for loss of life or property from fire such as a bulk oil storage facility or shopping malls.

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Target hazard

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In most cases, fire inspections must be conducted -----------

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During normal business hours

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Most inspection start from the _______ of the structure, looking for any possible hazards and making an overall observation of the property and the activities being conducted their

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Outside

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If one or more code violations are found, a plan of _______ must be agreed upon between the inspection team and the occupant

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correction

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Firefighters need a number of _______ and ______ skills to conduct fire safety surveys properly

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Interpersonal skills

technical knowledge skills

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Benefits of preincident planning surveys

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Can greatly improve emergency operations and substantially improve both firefighter and citizen safety

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The bulk of fuel available to burn and generally refers to the ______ of a building

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Contents

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Company officer should be sure to document the existence of large quantities of the following materials

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Plastics,

aerosols

compressed gases

explosives

flammable and combustible liquids

combustible dust

corrosive reactive materials

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When the survey of exterior is completed, go directly to the _______ or _______ and proceed with a systematic survey

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Roof or basement

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If building plans are not available, firefighters will have to ____________

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Create them

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The use of a _________________ or other electronic mapping program can save hours and should be used were available

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Computerized geographic information system (GIS)

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_________ fire safety surveys can only be conducted on a voluntary basis

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Residential –

Note: apartment complexes can be inspected although inspection of the individual units is voluntary

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EDITH stands for?

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Exit drills in the home

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The guidelines for conducting residential fire safety surveys focus on _______________ and ______________

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Preventing fires

eliminating threats to life safety

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Fire and life safety messages must always be;

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Accurate

positive

targeted to the specific audience

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Basic four step method of instruction

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Preparation

presentation

application

evaluation

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Includes learning the message that is to be delivered, practicing the presentation, and knowing the audience this includes planning gathering the necessary audiovisual aids it also involves motivating the audience to learn

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The preparation phase of instruction

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The step involves explaining information, using visual aids and demonstrating techniques. An opportunity to promote fire life safety and build community relations by rewarding participants with inexpensive items of safety messages written on them

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The presentation phase of instruction

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Gift for disciplines the opportunity to use or apply the information that they have been presented. Audience members practice using the new ideas and information techniques and skills while being observed

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The application phase of instruction

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Assessing or determining the effectiveness of the fire and life safety program. Identifying parts of the program that need to be modified. Measuring educational gain or behavior change

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The evaluation phase of instruction

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A presentation geared towards children should have a maximum time of about _____ minutes

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About 15 minutes

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Home fire safety concepts are complicated so messages for young children must communicate basic simple concepts of what to do if clothes are on fire

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Stop, drop, and roll

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Candles accounted for _______ percent of all reported residential fires. In addition ______ percent of those fires began in the bedroom and resulted in ________ percent of all civilian fire deaths

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3 to 4%

36%

39%

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In the home, separate candles by at least _____ inches

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4

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Where should smoke alarms be mounted

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Alarm should be mounted on the ceiling at the highest point in the occupied area of the home

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If a ceiling mount is not possible, the alarm should be positioned as high on the walls as possible, no closer than ______ and no farther than ______ from the ceiling

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4in

12in

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Smoke alarms should never be mounted within a ----------

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Dead airspace

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ff use their ______ and _________ to advise the occupants on how they can keep their residences free of common fire and life safety hazards

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expertise

experience

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inspections may uncover more serious _______________

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code violations

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control of fuel supply can be managed to some extent by _________ the arrangement of the fuel _________________.

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manipulating

within the building

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fuel hazards consist of:

1. _______ ________ such as wood, cloth, or paper

2. flammable and combustible ________

3. flammable and combustible _________ such as gasoline, oils, lacquers, or alcohol.

4. ______ such as nitrates, oxides, or chlorates

5. ______ such as grain, wood, metal, or coal

6. ________ such as magnesium, sodium, or potassium.

7. ______, resins, and cellulose

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ordinary combustibles

gasses

liquids

chemicals

dust

metals

plastics

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every ff engaged in fire prevention efforts must be capable of meeting with property owners or occupants and clearly communicating _____ requirements and discussing possible _______ to observed code _________.

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code

remedies

violations

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ff who are _______ ________ can provide a valuable service to the public in addition to conveying a favorable public impression of the fire dept.

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technically competent

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it is especially important that ff convey only technically accurate information during ___________

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inspections

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a ff ability to conduct inspections competently will improve with ______, ______ and _____________.

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study

experience

on-the-job training

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although ff cannot be expected to know the answers to all questions, they should be well-informed about _____ and ___________ issues and be prepared to refer citizens to additional sources of information.

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fire

life safety

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remember that ________ -good or bad- will reflect directly on the dept.

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conduct

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enter the premises at the ________ entrance.

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main

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the _________ or a _________ should accompany the inspection team and guide them during the entire process.

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occupant

representative

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the inspection team should ask that all _________ rooms or _________ be opened for inspection.

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locked

closets

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the form and content of the plan of correction should be clearly defined in the departmental _________ covering the inspection process.

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GOG

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in most departments, the occupant or rep is required to sign an _________ form acknowledging that the fire inspectors have explained any _________ and _________.

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inspection

violations

corrective measures

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interpersonal skills (list 5)

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communication

mitigation

facilitation

negotiation

mediation

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technical knowledge and skills (list 7)

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building construction

fire and life safety requirements

fire code requirements

common and special hazards

building utilities

energy systems

various fire protection appliances and systems

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pre-incident planning surveys allows firefighters to gather information about the structure under ideal conditions when it is _________ _________ _________.

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not on fire

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on pre-incident planning surveys include _________, _________, _________, and _________ that may help ff.

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maps

drawings

photographs

written notes

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what are major fuels sources?

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furnishings and other building contents

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knowing the combustibles in a building can have a profound effect on the _______ and _________ employed during a fire and on ff safety

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tactics

strategy

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on pre-incident planning surveys note the location of: (5)

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fire hydrants

fire dept connections

post indicator valves

water supply sources

fir alarm control panels

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on pre-incident planning surveys make notation of (4)

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the type of building construction

height

occupancy

proximity of adjacent exposures

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large occupancies may already have maps that were prepared by their insurance carriers. these maps normally use some form of _________ _________ _________

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common map symbols

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for buildings where existing maps are unavailable or outdated, ff should include a _________ _________ plan drawing that shows the general arrangement of the property with respect to streets and other buildings.

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simple plot

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drawings should be made with _________ and _________

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neatness

accuracy

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data should be recorded by using _________ _________ _________

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common plan symbols

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a _________ _________ drawing of a structure may be needed to show elevation changes, mezzanines, balconies, or other structural features.

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sectional elevation

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_________ can show important details that even accurate drawings cannont

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photographs

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main objectives of residential fire safety surveys are: (3)

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preventing accidental fires

improving life safety conditions

helping the owner or occupant to understand and improve existing conditions

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conduct residential fire safety surveys in teams of ______

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two

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keep the survey _________; do not share the results with any outside entity.

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confidential

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_________ _________ are those when fire and injury prevention concepts may have a greater impact.

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teachable moments

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children often interpret information _________

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literally

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DO NOT _______ children

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scare

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children learn by ______ not by _________

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doing

listening

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have _________ emergency exits from every room.

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2

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never go back _________ the house once _________

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inside

outside

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appropriate caution should be exercised when blowing sirens in the presence of children bc of the _________ produced can be harmful to their hearing.

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decibels.