541 Compounding Exam 1

Front 1

Solution

Back 1

A thermodynamically stable, one-phase system composed of 2 or more components, one of which is complete dissolved in the other

Front 2

Pharmaceutical solutions

Back 2

Those composed of a solid, liquid or gas dissovled in a liquid solvent

Front 3

Solubility

Back 3

the expression of the quantity of a drug that can be maintained in solution in a given solvent at a given temperature and pressure

Front 4

Saturated solution

Back 4

one that contains the maximum amount of solute that the solvent will accomadate at room temperature and pressure

Front 5

Supersaturated solution

Back 5

one that contains a larger amount of solute than the solvent can normally accomodate at the temperature and presssure

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Dose

Back 6

refers to the amount of medication that a patient must take at one time to produce the optimum therapeutic effect

Front 7

"average dose"
"usual dose"
"adult dose"

Back 7

based on the amount of medication needed to treat the average size adult (70kg, 150-154 lbs) with optimum effect

Front 8

Aqueous solutions

Back 8

drugs are dissolved in water along with any necessary flavorings, preservatives, or buffering salts

Front 9

Syrups

Back 9

concentrated, viscous, sweetened, aqueous solutions that contain less than 10% alcohol (Syrup, USP or Wild Cherry USP)

Front 10

Aromatic waters

Back 10

saturated solutions of volatile oils in ware used to provide a pleasant flavor or aroma

Front 11

Mucilage

Back 11

thick, viscous macromolecular solutions produced by dispersing vegetable gums in water.

Front 12

Aqueous acids

Back 12

dilute aqueous soltions of acids (usually <10%)

Front 13

Preparation of Syrups
(3 methods)

Back 13

1) Solution with heat
2) Agitation without heat
3) Percolation

Front 14

Nonaqueous solutions

Back 14

solutions which contain solvents other than water, either alone or in addition to water. (alcohol)

Front 15

Elixirs

Back 15

defined by USP as clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use

Front 16

Spirits or essences

Back 16

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances ( usually oils) with alcohol content from 63-85%

Front 17

Tinctures

Back 17

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable or chemical substances by maceration or percolation

Front 18

Antimicrobial Preservatives

Back 18

substances added to nonsterile dosage forms to protect them from microbiological growth or from microorganisms that are introduced inadvertently during or subsequent to the manufacturing process

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RATION STRENGTH

Back 19

way to the concentration of a weak solution 5% is 5 parts per 100 ; 5:100 . but always express in 1:20

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% weight in volume (% w/v)

Back 20

the parts per 100 parts.
1% w/v = 1 g constituent in 100ml of product

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% volume in volume (% v/v)

Back 21

the number of parts of volume of an ingredient in contained in the total volume of solution

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% weight in weight (% w/w)

Back 22

the number of parts of active ingredient contained in the total weight of the mixture considered as 100 parts by weight.

Front 23

convert product percentage strenghts to mg/mL

Back 23

multiply the percentage strenght, expressed as a whole number, by 10

Front 24

convert product ration strengths to ml/mL

Back 24

divide the ration strenght by 1000

Front 25

convert product strength expressed as grams / L to mg/mL

Back 25

Convert the numerator to milligrams and divide by the number of milliliters in the denominator.

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Prescription Drug Order

Back 26

a lawful order froma practitioner for a drug or device for a specific patient that is communicated directly to a pharmacist

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medication order

Back 27

drug orders for persons who are patients in hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutional settings.

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Compounding

Back 28

the preparation, mixing,assembling, packaging, or labeling of a drug or device as the result of a order based on the practitioner/patient/pharmacist relationship

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7 parts of the prescription

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1)Patient Information,
2)Date,
3)Superscription,
4)Inscription,
5)Subscription,
6)Signatura,
7)Special Instructions

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NABP legal requirements for prescription drug orders

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1) full name/address of patient;
2)date of issue;
3)name/address of prescriber;
4)name/strength/dosage form and quantity of drug product;
5)directions for use;
6)refills authorized;
7)prescribers signature

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The USP

Back 31

The United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary- a book of public pharmacopeial standards. Contains standards for medicines, dosage forms, drug substances, excipients, medical devices and dietary supplements

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Stability

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the extent to which a preparation retains, within specified limits & throughtout storage, the same properties & characterists that it possessed at time of compounding.

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Five Types of Stability

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Chemical, Physical, Microbiological, Therapeutic, & Toxicological

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Pharmacist responsibility:
name all 6

Back 34

dispensing oldes stock first (expriation dates), store products under labeled conditions, observe product for evidence of instability, properly treating/labeling products repackage, diluted or mixed, dispensing proper container with proper closure, informing & educating the patient on storage and usage of product

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Beyond-Use-Date (BUD)

Back 35

the date after which a compounded preparation in not to be used and is determined from the date it was compounded.

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Pharmaceutical suspensions

Back 36

uniform dispersions of solid drug particles in a vehicle in which the drug has minimum solubility.

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3 Desirable properties of a Good Suspension

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1) particles should settle slowly
2) formulation should allow the easy redispersion of sedimented particles
3) a suspension should not be too viscous because it can be to difficult to pour

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Packaging and Storage of suspensions

Back 38

should be packaged in wide mouth container having adequate air space above the liquid
should be stored in tight containers protected from freezing and excessive heat & light
Label: SHAKE BEFORE USE to ensure uniform distribution of solid particles and thereby uniform and proper dosage

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Physical Stability of Suspension

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-both maintenace of small particles and ease of redispersion
-beyound use dates should be conservative

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Chemical Stability of Suspension

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More stable than solutions
check references

Front 41

Microbiological Stability of Suspension

Back 41

If antimicrobial ingredients are present in the formulation, extra preservatives are not needed
If no preservatives should be added.

Front 42

Name 3 common suspension vehicles

Back 42

Ora Sweet, Ora Plus, & Ora Sweet SF