5.2 The Liquid State

Front 1

liquids are...?

Back 1

practically incompressible

Front 2

viscosity

Back 2

the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. a function of both attractive forces between molecules and molecular geometry.

viscosity decreases with increased temperature

Front 3

flow occurs because...?

Back 3

molecules can easily slide past each other

Front 4

surface tension

Back 4

a measure of the attractive forces exerted among molecules at the surface of a liquid

surface molecules are surrounded and attracted by fewer liquid molecules than those below

net attractive forces on surface molecules pull them downward

Front 5

surfectant

Back 5

substance added that decreases surface tension (i.e. soap)

Front 6

amphatic

Back 6

one molecule that is both polar and non-polar. This is why soap can clean grease when it is mixed with water.

Front 7

vapor pressure

Back 7

water in a sealed container existing as both a liquid and vapor below boiling point. Due to the kinetic theory.

Front 8

kinetic theory

Back 8

liquid molecules are in continuous motion with their average kinetic energy directly proportional to kelvin temperature.

Some molecules are outliers to the liquid phase, moving with a kinetic energy that makes them act as gas particles. This is why water in a sealed container can exist as both a liquid and a vapor below boiling point.

Front 9

What governs the properties of liquids?

Back 9

Intermolecular forces

Front 10

Properties of liquids

Back 10

viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling and freezing point.

vapor pressure and boiling point are intimately related.

Front 11

movement from gas to liquid

Back 11

evaporation and condensation

Front 12

evaporation

Back 12

conversion from liquid to gas below boiling point

Front 13

condensation

Back 13

conversion from gas to liquid

Front 14

boiling point

Back 14

temperature at which vapor pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure

Front 15

normal boiling point

Back 15

temperature at which vapor pressure equals 1 atm

Front 16

which has a higher boiling point, polar or nonpolar molecules?

Back 16

polar molecules

Front 17

boiling point ultimately has to do with...?

Back 17

the energy of molecules

Front 18

types of intermolecular forces

Back 18

dipole-dipole (forces between polar molecules), London forces (instantaneous dipole)

Front 19

Hydrogen bonding

Back 19

not considered a Van der Waals force, special type of dipole-dipole, very strong intermolecular attraction causing higher than expected melting point and boiling point

requires molecules directly bonded to O, N, F

Front 20

diffusion

Back 20

movement from high to low concentration

Front 21

constant temperature

Back 21

kinetic energy is the same for all particles

Front 22

what is the speed of diffusion determined by?

Back 22

Primarily by the particle's mass.