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51 Cards in this Set
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legislative checks judiciallegislative checks executive |
approves federal judgesimpeaches federal judges |
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legislative checks executive |
overrides vetoesimpeaches presidentapproves budgetapproves appointments (Senate)approves treaties (Senate) |
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executive branch |
part of government that is responsible for enforcing or carrying out the lawsPresident |
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powers of federal executive branch |
executes law of the landprepares annual budget for congressional actionappoints cabinet officers, ambassadors, and federal judgesadministers federal bureaucracyenforce federal regulationsPresidential power has grown in the years since the Constitution was ratified. |
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state of the union address |
annual presidential speech to Congress |
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Cabinet |
President’s official group of advisors, includes the heads of major departments. |
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Veto |
president rejects a bill passed by Congress so it doesn’t become lawcan be overturned by 2/3 vote by Congress |
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Ways the executive branch influences policymaking |
Proposing legislation in an annual speech to Congress (State of the Union Address) Appealing directly to the people Approving or vetoing legislation Appointing officials who carry out the laws Cabinet departments, agencies, and regulatory groups interpret and execute the laws. |
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The President exercises power as |
Chief of State: Ceremonial head of the government Chief Executive: Head of the executive branch of government Chief Legislator: Proposer of the legislative agenda Commander-in-Chief: Head of the nation’s armed forces Chief Diplomat: Architect of American foreign policy Chief of Party: Leader of the political party that controls the executive branch Chief Citizen: Representative of all of the people |
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executive checks judicial |
appoints judgesgrants amnesty, pardon, reprieve |
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executive checks legislative |
approves or vetoes acts of Congress (bills)calls Congress into special session |
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judicial branch |
part of government that is responsible for interpreting lawscourts |
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original jurisdiction |
authority to hear a case for the first time |
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authority to hear a case for the first time |
hearing in which a suspect is charged and enters a plea (guilty or not guilty) |
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procedure for civil cases |
involves a disagreement between two partiesperson wants compensation from someone who he feels has wronged him |
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procedure for civil cases |
plaintiff files a complaint to recover damages or receive compensationcase can be decided by judge or juryverdict can be appealed |
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criminal law |
deals with misdemeanors and feloniessomeone is accused of breaking a law |
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procedure in criminal casesarrest assuming probable causepreliminary hearing: jailed or released on bailindictment: formally charged with a crimearraignment: case is reviewed, the defendant may be appointed an attorney, and plea is enteredtrial verdictmay appeal |
criminal law |
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subpoena |
a court order to appear in court |
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Appeal |
request to a higher court to rehear a case if the losing side feels injustice |
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U. S. Supreme Court |
8 associate justices & 1 chief justiceno juryhears cases dealing with constitutional issues typically hears cases on appeal, but has also has limited original jurisdictionThe Supreme Court is the highest court in the land |
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U. S. Court of Appeals |
justices, no juryappellate jurisdictioncan uphold, overturn, or remand a verdict from a lower court |
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U. S. District Court |
judge and juryoriginal jurisdictiondetermines guilt or innocence, “trial court” |
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Due process of law |
constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws |
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Due process protections |
5th Amendment—Prohibits the national government from acting in an unfair manner 14th Amendment—Prohibits state and local governments from acting in an unfair manner The Supreme Court has extended the due process clauses to protect the guarantees of the Bill of Rights. |
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Marbury v. Madison |
Chief Justice Marshall found that the Judiciary Act conflicted with the Constitution; the Supreme Court therefore overruled the act of Congress since the Constitution is always supremeestablished the principle of Judicial Review |
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]judicial review |
Supreme Court determines laws/actions of the executive/legislative are constitutional |
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judicial checks executive |
declares executive acts unconstitutional |
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judicial checks legislative |
declares laws unconstitutional |
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conservative |
people who prefer the way things are, usually want to limit the role of government |
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oderatem |
people who avoid the extremes of either the liberal or conservative philosophymajor parties attempt to appeal to the center |
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people who avoid the extremes of either the liberal or conservative philosophymajor parties attempt to appeal to the center |
people who want peaceful reform, usually want expanded role of gover |
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evaluating campaign information |
separating fact from opiniondetecting biasevaluating sourcesidentifying propaganda |
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14th Amendment |
extended suffrage to African Americans |
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19th Amendment |
extended suffrage to women |
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24th Amendment |
outlawed poll taxes |
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26th Amendment |
extended suffrage to 18 year olds |
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functions of political parties |
recruiting and nominating candidateseducating the electorate about campaign issueshelping candidates win electionsmonitoring actions of officeholders (watchdog) |
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platform |
statement of a political party positions on issues (planks) |
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third parties |
introduce new ideas or support for a particular issueoften revolve around a political personality may act as spoiler |
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how interest groups affect public policy |
identifying issuesmaking political contributionslobbying government officials |
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ways individuals affect public policy |
participating in politics (voting, campaigning)expressing opinions (lobbying, demonstrating, writing letters)joining interest groups |
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roles of mass media |
identifying candidatesemphasizing selected issueswriting editorials, creating political cartoons, publishing op-ed piecesbroadcasting different points of viewholding officials accountable |
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campaign |
active effort to get support for a particular candidate to be elected to office |
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rising campaign costs |
requires candidates to conduct extensive fund-raising activitiesencourages the development of political action committees (PACs) gives issue-oriented special interest groups increased influenceleads to campaign finance reform (limits the amount individuals may contribute to political candidates and campaigns)give an advantage to wealthy individuals who run for officelimit opportunities to run for public office |
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requirements for voting in Virginia |
identifying candidatesemphasizing selected issueswriting editorials, creating political cartoons, publishing op-ed piecesbroadcasting different points of viewholding officials accountable |
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factors in predicting likely voters |
age income education |
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why citizens fail to vote |
why citizens fail to vote |
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presidential nomination |
primary electionscaucusesconventions |
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electoral college |
group of people that directly elect the president and vice-presidentnumber of state electors is equal to a state’s representation in Congress |
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judicial review |
popular vote determines which electors represent each stateelectors meet to vote for President and Vice Presidentwinner-take-all system leads to targeting of populous states for campaignin |
