471 Midterm

Front 1

A patient experiencing s/s of hypoventilation, rapid/shallow respirations, dyspnea, HA, hyperkalemia, disorientation, increased CO, muscle weakness, and hypoxemia would be experiencing what?

Back 1

respiratory acidosis

Front 2

A patient experiencing seizures, confusion, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilaiton, hypokalemia, light-headedness, and tingling in the extremities might be experiencing what?

Back 2

respiratory alkalosis

Front 3

Disorientation, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, changes in LOC, and kussmaul respirations are s/s of what?

Back 3

metabolic acidosis

Front 4

restlessness, lethargy, compensatory hypoventilation, diarrhea, confusion, nausea/vomiting, slow respirations, and hypokalemia are all s/s of what?

Back 4

metabolic alkalosis

Front 5

List the 4 interventions in order for Atrial flutter/atrial fib.

Back 5

1) oxygen
2) beta blocker/ CCB/ dig/ adenosine
3) cardioversion (<48h)
4) overdrive pacemaker

Front 6

What 3 drugs treat PVCs?

Back 6

1) Lidocaine (except for in brady)
2) Amiodarone
3) Procainamide

Front 7

List the 2 interventions for stable v-tach with a pulse?

Back 7

1) oxygen
2) Lidocaine/ amiodarone, procainamide

Front 8

What is the DOC for torsades de pointes?

Back 8

magnesium

Front 9

What are the 3 interventions for unstable v-tach with a pulse?

Back 9

1) oxygen
2) lidocaine/ amiodarone/ procainamide
3) cardioversion

Front 10

What are the 9 interventions in order for pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ ventricular fibrillation?

Back 10

1) CPR
2) oxygen
3) defibrillation
4) epinephrine
5) vasopressin (may do b4 epi)
6) amiodarone
7) lidocaine
8) vasopressin
9) magnesium
10) sodium bicarbonate

Front 11

What are the 6 interventions in asystole?

Back 11

1) CPR
2) oxygen
3) differential diagnosis (PATCH4MD)
4) epinephrine
5) atropine
6) transcutaneous pacing

Front 12

What are the 3 treatments for symptomatic bradycardia/ AV heart block (2nd & 3rd degree)?

Back 12

1) oxygen
2) atropine
3) cardiac pacemaker therapy

Front 13

What are the 5 treatments for symptomatic tachycardia?

Back 13

1) oxygen
2) treat underlying cause
3) vagal maneuvers
4) beta blockers, CCBs, adenosine, digoxine, amiodarone
5) cardioversion

Front 14

What are the 6 treatments for PSVT?

Back 14

1) vagal stimulation
2) adenosine
3) beta blockers
4) CCBs
5) digitalis
6) cardioversion

Front 15

What are the 5 treatments for PEA?

Back 15

1) CPR
2) oxygen
3) epinephrine
4) atropine
5) consider underlying cause (5H's & 4T's)

Front 16

List some triage level 1 examples:

Back 16

-cardiac arrest
-respiratory arrest
-critical trauma injury/unresponsive
-anaphylactic reaction
-baby obstructed airway
-unresponsive ETOH
-hypoglycemia and change in LOC

Front 17

List some triage level 2 examples:

Back 17

-coronary syndrome
-needle stick HCP
-stroke
-ectopic pregnancy
-chemotherapy immunocompromised w/ fever
-suicide or homicidal patient

Front 18

List some "red flags" to be alert for in triage:

Back 18

-MVA>35mph= poss. aortic aneurism?
- falls
- explosions
- LOC
- aberrant behavior
- rib fx (1st or 2nd; or >3)
- aspiration
- lung contusion
- pulse >120
- diastolic BP>120
- infant <28days old with fever

Front 19

Is cervical strain, subluxation/ dislocation, fracture, and neurologic injury aan early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 19

early

Front 20

Is soft tissue injury to the mouth, temporalmandibular joint dislocation, and dental injury an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 20

early

Front 21

Is arytenoid dislocation/ avulsion an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 21

early

Front 22

Is vocal cord spasm, avulsion, and laceration an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 22

early

Front 23

Is pyriform sinus perforation resultin in pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 23

early

Front 24

Is pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 24

both

Front 25

Is tracheal/bronchial rupture an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 25

early

Front 26

Is right main stem bronchus intubation (w/ atelectasis and respiratory compromise) an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 26

early

Front 27

Is bronchospasm an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 27

early

Front 28

Is esophageal intubation an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 28

early

Front 29

Is vomiting and aspiration an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 29

early

Front 30

Is hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 30

early

Front 31

Is tube obstruction with secretions, blood, and kinking an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 31

late

Front 32

Is accidental extubation and endobronchial intubation aan early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 32

late

Front 33

Is vocal cord lceration an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 33

late

Front 34

Is tracheal ulceration, ischemic necrosis, and paralysis an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 34

late

Front 35

Is aspiration and atelectasis an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 35

late

Front 36

Is cough resulting in increased intrathoracic, intracranial, and intraocular pressures an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 36

late

Front 37

Is esophageal intubation aan early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 37

late

Front 38

Is tracheoesophageal fistula a early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 38

late

Front 39

Is tracheoinnominate artery fistula an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 39

late

Front 40

Is sinusitis, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, mediastinitis, and abscess an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 40

late

Front 41

Is tube dislodgment an early complication occuring during intubation or a late complication occuring after tube placement?

Back 41

late

Front 42

Rate normal values

Back 42

6-20 breaths/minute

Front 43

Tidal Volume (Vt) normal values

Back 43

0.5L

10-15mL/kg is normal

Front 44

Minute volume (V) normal values

Back 44

5-10 L/min

Front 45

What does increased minute volume indicate?

Back 45

hyperventilation

Front 46

Forced vital capacity (FVC) normal values:

Back 46

300-500mL (for a 70kg person)

over 80% of predicted is normal

Is a weaning parameter!

Front 47

Negative Inspiratory Force (NIF) normal value:

Back 47

-75 to -100 cm H2O

Front 48

Fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) normal values:

Back 48

21% is room air.

Usually is maintained at <60% b/c higher=O2 toxicity

Front 49

PEEP normal values:

Back 49

3-5 cm H2O

Front 50

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) normal values:

Back 50

70-105 mmHg

(>70 is needed to sustain organ perfusion)

Front 51

Central Venous Pressure (CVP) normal values:

Back 51

2-8 mmHg

Front 52

What does an increase in CVP mean?

Back 52

>8

R ventricular failure or volume overload

Front 53

What does a decrease in CVP mean?

Back 53

<2

hypovolemia

Front 54

Left atrial pressure (LAP) normal value:

Back 54

6-12 mmHg

Front 55

Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) normal value:

Back 55

10-20mmHg

Front 56

Pulmonary systolic artery pressure (PAS) normal value:

Back 56

20-30mmHg

Front 57

Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD) normal value:

Back 57

4-12 mmHg

Front 58

what does an increase in PAD mean?

Back 58

>12

heart failure, fluid volume overload

Front 59

What does a decrease in PAD mean?

Back 59

<4

volume depletion

Front 60

Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP/ PCWP/ PAWP) normal value:

Back 60

6-12 mmHg

Front 61

What does an increase in PAOP mean?

Back 61

>12

heart failure or fluid volume overload

Front 62

What does a decrease in PAOP mean?

Back 62

<4

volume depletion

Front 63

Cardiac output (CO) normal values:

Back 63

4-8 L/min

Front 64

Cardiac index (CI) normal values:

Back 64

2.6-4.2 L/min

Front 65

Stroke volume normal value:

Back 65

60-150 ml/beat

Front 66

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) normal value:

Back 66

800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5

Front 67

Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) normal value:

Back 67

<250 dynes/sec/cm-5

Front 68

What medications can cause torsades de pointes?

Back 68

quinidine

amiodarone

tricyclic antidepressants