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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the placenta?
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connects mom and fetus |
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What does the placenta do? |
Forms from trophoblasts (8wks) gas exchange excretes fecal waste products into maternal blood Maternal recognition of pregnancy Alters immune environment (down regulates so you don't reject) Alters maternal cardiovascular and metabolic functions through hormones. |
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Placenta is the 1st fetal organ made from trophoblast (how long into fertilization)
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8 wks |
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The umbilical cord
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vein is o2 rich artery is o2 poor |
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Capacity of placenta depends on the fetus
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Uses 30-40% of glucose from maternal circ Can accumulate glycogen Regulate maternal physiology in favor of fetus (not a parasite, though) . |
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Successful pregnancy
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infant birth weight of 7 lbs 12 oz Appropriate for GA |
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Increase mortality and morbidity of pregnancy
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very preterm LBW VLWB |
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what is a preterm baby |
before 37 weeks |
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very preterm baby/ |
<35 wks |
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LBW baby |
5 lbs 8 oz |
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VLBW baby |
5 lbs 3 oz |
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Disproportional Proportional Macrosonic |
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Disproportional
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Better because length and head are better off you want your baby to be disproportional if LBW. |
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Proportional
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Head, length, and wt are all in <10th percentile |
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Macrosonic |
90th% gestational diabetes |
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Trend in infant mortality rate over the past 20 years
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- across all countries. Sharp decrease in 1910 with increased sanitation. |
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US and infant mortality
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US is ranked 34th in infant mortality
aren't just characterized as "stillbirths" |
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Worldwide and infant mortality
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Europe the lowest decline overall |
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Stages from ovulation to implantation
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fertilization/conception zygote day 1-5 day 6-12 (implantation) |
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Ovulation
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24 hours |
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Fertilization/conception
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sperm cell life is 48-72 hrs |
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Zygote
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Goes to body of uterus (3-4 days) Mortulation: cells divide (every 24 hrs, 16-50 cells) Blastocyst: morula floats for 3-4 days, still dividing - large cells will cluster around periphery and fluid filled area will start to form. READY FOR SOME IMPLANTATION |
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Days 1-5
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eventually becomes a blastocyst |
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Days 6-12
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IMPLANTATION Blastocyst embeds into the uterine wall - secrete enzymes that will eat through hit. Cells on inner are embryonic stem cells. Needs nutrients for implantation (antioxidants) Once implanted - protected by uterine wall YOLK sac: vital for survival until placenta forms. |
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yolk sac
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a structure that provides nutrients from the mother to the embryo before the placenta is ready to function.
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Importance of proper implantation if you don't have it, what happens? |
the fetus will not survive |
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How to ensure proper implanation
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good nutrition/overall health (adequate wt, exercise daily, diet rich in whole grains, fruits veg), no unhealthy habits (smoking drinking, etc)
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feto-uterine connection
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if you don't have this there's no way the pregnancy will survive because there's nothing attaching the fetus to the mother. |
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proper implantation and nourishing the early embryo
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uterus is of fundamental importance to reproduction - it nourishes the early embryo and accommodates growth and differentiation of the developing fetus. |
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0-2 months major events
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major organ development |
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2-3 weeks major events |
brain and spinal cord begin developing cardio systems begin forming neural tube (3 layers): ectoderm is the top (skin), mesoderm, and endoderm (tube, internal organs)
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