3Rd Year - Hemo - Lymphatic Diseases

Front 1

What is a major clinical sign to peripheral lymphatic disease in horses?

Back 1

peripheral swelling of a limb - usually just one with lameness

-with concurrent cellulitis and pitting edema

Front 2

What is important in the history if you suspect lymphatic disease?

Back 2

travel history

Front 3

What is the most common cause of lymphangitis in the horse?

What are other causes?

Back 3

sporadic (idiopathic)

- epizootic lymphangitis
-Glanders
-Sporotrichosis

Front 4

What is the treatment for generalized lymphangitis?

Back 4

1 -broad spectrum antibiotics (target gram pos organisms; TMS or penicillin)

2 -analgesics
3 - anti-inflammatories
4 -physiotherapy - walking
5 -cold wraps

Front 5

What is the etiology of epizootic lymphangitis?

Back 5

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

Front 6

What is the most telling CS of epizootic lymphangitis?

Back 6

- ulcerative areas partially heal and then break open (nonhealing), with cording lymphatics
-mostly on face, chest wall, extremities, neck

Front 7

What two equine diseases that cause lymphangitis are reportable?

Back 7

Glanders
epizootic lymphangitis

Front 8

What are the treatment options for epizootic lymphangitis?

Back 8

- sodium iodide IV
- Amphoterecin B
-surgical excision of lesions (lymphatic vessels)

-quarantine and euthanasia

Front 9

What is the causative agent of Glanders?

Back 9

Burkholderia mallei

Front 10

What are the 3 forms of Glanders?

Back 10

Cutaneous, nasal, pulmonary

Front 11

What type of agent is Burkholderia mallei?

Back 11

short, rod-shaped, gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular, non-motile, non-spore forming bacteria

Front 12

How is glanders spread?

Back 12

through mucous membranes - contaminated feed and water

-aerosolized has the potential for spread to people (95% mortality if not treated in 3 weeks)

Front 13

The cutaneous form of glanders has what two distinctive features?

Back 13

corded lymphatics with Farcy Buds
crater like ulcers with exudates

Front 14

The nasal form of glanders has ulcerative nodules on the nasal septum that can result in dyspnea. What other areas are enlarged?

Back 14

-LNs
-spleen and liver
-orchitis

Front 15

What is the best way to diagnose Glanders?

Back 15

Mallein test - heat killed LPS extract of B. mallei

Front 16

What is the treatment for glanders?

Back 16

euthanasia

Front 17

What is the prognosis of lymphangitis caused by Sporothrix shenckii?

Back 17

good

Front 18

What type of organism is Cornebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Back 18

-gram positive, pleomorphic, rod-shaped
-intracellular, facultative anaerobe

-can live inside abscess

Front 19

What are the two species specific biotypes of Cornebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Back 19

1 - nitrate negative = Biovar ovis = small ruminants
2 - nitrate positive = Biovar equi = equine

Front 20

What are the 3 forms of Cornebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Back 20

1 - ulcerative lymphangitis
2- external abscessation
3 - internal infection

Front 21

What is the incubation period of C. pseudotuberculsosi?

When are most infections?

Back 21

3-4 weeks

-late summer to early fall
-internal infection is often 1-2 monhs after peak external abscesses

Front 22

What facilitates intracellular survival of C. pseudotuberculosis?

Back 22

1 - bacterial cell wall lipids - to live inside the cell
2 - phosopholipase D (PLD) exotoxin - inactivates complement and increases vascular permeability

Front 23

What is the most common form of C. pseudo TB? What is another name for this?

Back 23

external abscessation with well encapsulated abscesses

- Pigeon Fever or Dryland Distemper

Front 24

What is the fatality rate for internal infections of C. pseudo TB?

What are the most common sites?

Back 24

30-40%

liver and lungs

Front 25

What type of serology will help identify Cornybacterium pseudo TB?

Back 25

SHI - synergistic hemolysis inhibition

titer of > 256 is active infection, while internal infections have a MUCH higher level

Front 26

What is the length of treatment of r internal C. pseudoTB?

Back 26

1-6 months

Front 27

Caseous lymphadenitis lesions are frequently filled with thick, inspissated exudate. What is the color in sheep and goats?

Back 27

sheep: white
goats: green

Front 28

What is the common presentation for sheep and goats with CLA?

Back 28

chronic weight loss
-due to internal abscessation of lungs, kidney and LNs (mediastinal, bronchial, mesenteric, lumbar)

Front 29

What is important in treating camelids with C. pseudoTB abcesses of the submandibular and cervical LNs?

Back 29

surgical excsion - as they drain well, but come back

Front 30

What are the virulence factors for Strep Equi ss. equi?

Back 30

-hyaluronic acid capsule - inhibits neutrophils

- antiphagocytic M - proteins (highly conserved)

Front 31

What is another word for metestatic abcessation of Strep equi. ss. equi?

Back 31

Bastard strangles

Front 32

What are immune-mediated complications to Strangles?

Back 32

1 - purpura hemorrhagica (type 3 hypersensitivity) with immune-complex deposition in vascular endothelium and vasculitis
2 - myositis
3 - glomerulonephritis
4 - myocarditis
5 - agalactia

Front 33

What are methods to diagnose Strangles?

Back 33

-culture
-PCR
-Serology - SeM antibody titers
-endoscopy

Front 34

How long can animals with Strangles shed the disease?

What is recommended to ensure elimanation of the disease and that there is not an asymptomatic carrier that develops?

Back 34

4-6 weeks

3 negative consecutive washes/swabs taken one week apart