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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common anemia you see in ruminants?
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anemia of chronic disease
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Where are haemonchus in food and fiber animals?
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abomasum and C3
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What is the treatment for haemonchus?
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-ivermectin ?
-fenbendazole moxidectin, levamisole |
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Why does blood loss occur with coccidia?
-what animals is it common in? |
blood loss from hemorrhage in capillaries of intestines
- in first month of fattening lambs |
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What is the treatment for lice?
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organophosphates
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What causes Anaplasmosis in cattle and sheep?
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A. marginale and A. ovis
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With Anaplasmosis in ruminants, what is the most important factor of host susceptibility?
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age of initial infection
-asymptomatic if infection is in calves during first 6-9 months of age -increased severity with increase in age |
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What are unique CS of Anaplasmosis?
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fever, staggering or aggressiveness due to hypoxia
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What is the incubation period of Anaplasmosis?
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15-30 days
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What type of hemolysis is seen with Anaplasma?
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Extravascular
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When are CS seen with Anaplasma in ruminants ?
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CS occur when >1% of RBCs are infected
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What is the treatment for Anaplasma in ruminants?
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tetracyclines - oxytetracyclines
-recovered animals are Persistently Infected |
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Mycoplasma heamolamae is unique to what animals?
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South American camelids
-in the rickettsiae family |
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How do you diagnos M. heamolamae?
Treatment? |
blood smear - on surface
PCR oxytet supresses infection, but does not eliminate it |
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What is seen on CBC with lepto?
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moderate leukocytosis with hyperfibrinogenemia
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How can you diagnos Lepto?
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-leptospira
-PCR -serum antibody titer |
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How do you treat Lepto?
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oxytet
penecillin |
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What type of disease is Babesiosis?
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tick-borne, intraerythrocytic
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How long are carriers of Babesia resistant to CS?
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up to 4 years
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What are other names for Babesia?
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piroplasmosis
Texas fever redwater fever tick fever triteza |
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What type of anemia is caused by Babesia?
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Intravascular Lysis
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What disease should you expect if PCV drops from 35-10% in a week?
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Babesia
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How do you determine Babesia?
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blood smear
-anti-babesia antibodies via complement fixation and IFA (in serum 7 days post infection) |
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What is the treatment for BAbesia?
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Diminazine acetruate
Imidocarb Diproprionate |
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What is another name for Bacillary Hemoglobinuria?
What is it caused by? |
red water disease
Clostridium haemolyticum or C. novyi type D |
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Where does the organism of C. haemolyticum grow once spores are ingested?
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pre-existing liver damage
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What type of lysis is seen with water intoxication?
What animal is it most common in? |
intravascular
milk reared calves when introduced to water |
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What are the main cs of water intoxication?
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neuro signs
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What is the treatment for water intoxication?
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-restrict water
- hypertonic saline - mannitol - corticosteroids (to restore Na to 120 mmol/L |
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What is the treatment for copper toxicosis?
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-IV fluids, oxygen, Vitamine E, D - penicillamine
-anhydrous sodium sulfate, ammonium molybdate |
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When should you do a blood transfusion in ruminants?
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acute loss --> PCV less than 20% or loss of 12% over 1-2 days
chronic - assess patient - |
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How long do transfused RBCs last?
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2-4 days
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What do you do with mild and severe transfusion reactions?
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mild - slow transfusion, +/- corticosteroids or flunixin
severe - epinephrine |
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What 3 ruminant disease cause extravascular hemolysis?
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1 - Anaplasma
2 - Mycoplasma 3 - Lepto |
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What 4 ruminant diseases cause intravascular hemolysis?
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1 - Babesia
2 - Bacillary Hemoglobinuria 3 - Water Intoxication 4 - COpper Toxicosis |
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With internal hemorrhage in the horse, what percentage or RBCs are autotransfused back into circulation?
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2/3
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What percentage of blood makes up a horses weight?
How much of this blood can they loose acutely and still live? |
8%
1/3 |
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What 2 main equine diseases cause intra and then exravascular lysis?
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intravascular - red maple tox or piroplasmosis (equine babesiosis)
extravascular - anaplasmosis or EIA |
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What does administration of human recombinant EPO do in the horse?
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causes decreased erytrhopeisis
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Hemoglobin concentration should be what percentage of hematoctit? If it is more than this, what does it mean>
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1/3
lysis |
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Why is a coombs test used in horses?
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to detect neonatal isoerythrolysis
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What type of test is a Coggins?
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AGID, detects antibody
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If there is decreased serum Fe and increased TIBC (total iron binding capacity), what does this mean?
What if TIBC is normal? |
chronic blood loss and iron deficiency
-anemia of chronic disease |
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A reticulocyte count in the BW of what is indicative of regeneration?
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>5%
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What about of whole blood will increase a horses PCV by 1%?
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1 ml/lb or 1L/500kg
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What treatment is used for ethmoid hematomas?
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formalin injections
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What vessels are injured with foaling?
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middle uterine, utero-ovarian or external iliac arteries
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What is the treatment for post-foaling hemorrhage?
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- rapid volume expansion with hypertonic saline OR colloid, followed by isotonic crystaline fluids
- whole blood transfusion -analgesia - decreased fibronlysis |
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What vessels/muscles are damaged with castration?
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testicular artery
+/- cremaster/scrotal muscles |
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What is the treatment for maple intoxication?
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-blood transfusion
-fluids -vit E and sel Vit C --> converts methemoglobin to hemoglobin |
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What organism causes piroplasmosis?
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Babesia caballi and B. Equi/Theileria equi
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Is piroplasmosis intravascular or extra?
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intra - causes hemoglobinuria
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How do you diagnosis Piroplasmosis in horses?
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blood smear, IFAT, ELISA, COmplement Fixation
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How is EIA transmitted?
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horsefly mouth
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