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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
rapid appearance of neurons in the developing brain |
neuron proliferation (neurogenesis) |
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chemicals that transmit nerve impulses away from one nerve cell to another
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neurotransmitter
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movement of neurons within the brain that makes sure all brain areas have neural connections |
neuronal migration |
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elimination of some neurons that surround newly formed synapses around neighboring neurons |
programmed cell death |
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deterioration of synapses that are not being used (ex. language sounds) |
synaptic pruning |
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capacity of the brain to change in response to input from the external environment |
brain plasticity |
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What is the sensitive period for brain development? |
before the age of 3 |
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the reflexes you are born with that we eventually lose as we adapt to our environment |
primitive reflexes (ex. sucking, rooting) |
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reflexes we are born with that continue |
permanent reflexes (ex. blinking, gag) |
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motor skills that use large muscles and develop first |
gross motor skills |
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motor skills that use small muscles and develop later on |
fine motor skills |
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growth centers at the end of a long bone where new cartilage cells are produces from growth plates and gradually harden |
epiphyses |
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What are the functions of infant reflexes? |
survival evolutionary adaptive function later motor development parent child bond (responsiveness) |
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During REM sleep the infants brain stimulates itself, in turn stimulates development of the CNS |
Autostimulation Theory |
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Evidence supporting the autostimulation theory |
*pre-term babies spend more time in REM sleep *infants w/more stimulation REM sleep less *disturbed REM sleep linked to late developmental difficulties |
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What are some self-soothing strategies? |
sucking turning heads |
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What are 4 factors necessary for a new motor skill to emerge? |
CNS development body movement capacities child's goals environmental support |
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Theory that says new motor skills are reorganizations of previously mastered skills, which lead to more effective ways of controlling and exploring the environment |
Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Development |
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What does the Visual Cliff Experiment tell us about the relationship between motor, perceptual and emotional development? |
depth perception is not a reflex, it's learned. babies crawling longer would not cross |
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Benefits of breast-feeding |
milk perfectly meets needs of the child builds immune system |
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define obesity |
greater than 20% increase over healthy BMI |
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Primary causes of childhood obesity |
industrialization genetics social learning family habits sleep environment |
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Immediate and long-term effects of malnourishment |
immediate: interfere with development long term: low basal metabolic rate (high metabolism) |
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Primary consequences of childhood obesity for children |
non-organic failure to thrive psychosocial dwarfism |
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when access to food is scarce, causes people to over eat when they do get food |
food insecurity |
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How does stress influence brain development? |
stress impairs the development of emotional/cognitive skills; learning disabilities |
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capacity of the brain to change in form in response to input from the external environment |
brain plasticity |