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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Pupil Size |
2 to 6 millimeters |
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Glasgow Coma Scale tests for |
Eye opening, verbal response, motor response |
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Highest score for Glasgow coma scale |
15/15 |
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Lowest possible Glasgow Coma Scale |
3/15 |
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What Galsgow Coma Scale reflect comma |
Less than 7 |
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Language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate |
Aphasia |
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How do you assess for spatial perception? |
Ask patient to copy a simple image |
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How do you test higher intellectual functions? |
can the patient interpret proverbs, abstract reasoning and calculations |
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3 ways to asses perception |
1.Aware of reality 2.Illusions 3.Hallucinations |
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Perceiving objects as something else |
Illusions |
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Something that s not there at all |
Hallucinations |
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When is the ideal time to perform a neurological assessment on an infant? |
when infant is in a quiet and alert state |
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How do you test sensory integrity on infant? |
Infant should withdraw all limbs to painful stimuli |
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what are DTR's |
Deep tendon reflexes |
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On infants, babinski should be _______ until_______ |
1. Positive 2. 16-24 months of age |
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Babisnki reflex should be _______ in adults, meaning toes should __________ |
1. Negative 2. Toes should not fan out |
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Developmental test for children that measures fine and gross motor, language, personal social skills. Has NOTHING to do with intelligence. Observe play for gait and fine motor coordination and deep tendon reflexes. |
Denver II test |
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-controversial because do not always indicate pathology
- non-focal, functional neurological findings that might providesubtle clues to an underlying CNS deficit or neurological maturation delay. |
Neurological Soft Signs |
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children with multiple neurological soft signs often...
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often have learning disabilities
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When performing a neurological assessment on an elderly what do you assess first? |
hearing and vision function first (check for understanding)
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Deep tendon reflexes in elderly are.. |
Less brisk or absent |
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Parts of a cognitive function test? |
1. Orientation (AAOx3) |
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When testing for cognitive function, how do you test for new learning ability? |
Ask patient to repeat and remember 4 unrelated words |
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What is an accepted score for a new learning ability test? |
2 out of 4 words |
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What is the Set Test? |
Verbal test to screen for dementia. Patient has to name 10 items in 4 categories (fruits, animals, colors, towns) |
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The maximum score of Set Test |
40 |
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If a patient has dementia Set Test score probably is |
less than 15 |
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- most widely used scoring system for quantifying LOC
- simple, high degree of inter observer reliability, correlates well coutcome following server brain injury - everyone does it differently |
Glasgow Coma Scale |
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Numeric score of Glasgow Coma Scale reflects the sum of
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Eye movement Verbal response Motor response |
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Cranial nerve involved in Smell and Patency |
I- Olfactory |
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Cranial nerve involved in - sight-visual acuity, visual fields |
II- Optic nerve |
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Cranial nerve involved in
-sight movement -pupillary reaction -eyelid elevation (assessnerves) -most EOM (enterocular movement) tested by using 6 cardinal gazes |
III- oculomotor |
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Cranial nerve involved in
downward & inward movementof eye |
IV- Trochelar |
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Cranial nerve involved in
-jaw movement -sensation to eyes, cornealreflex -sensation of touch, pain, &temperature to face |
V- Trigeminal |
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Cranial Nerve involved in -lateral eye movement -having them look outward -right eye looking left, viseversa |
VI- abducens |
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Cranial nerve involved in -facial movement- close eyes, raise eyebrows,smile, frown, puff cheeks -taste - anterior 2/3 of tongue |
VII- Facial |
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Cranial Nerve involved in -hearing & equilibrium |
VIII-Acoustic |
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Cranial nerve involved in -voluntary muscles forswallowing & phonation -say AH & watch for rise ofuvula -sensation of nasopharynx, gagreflex -taste posterior 1/3 of tongue -secretion of salivary glands -carotid reflex |
IX- Glossopharyngeal |
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Cranial nerve involved in -voluntary muscles of phonation& swallowing -sensation behind ear & partof ear canal -Secretion of digestive enzymes,peristalsis, & carotid reflex -involuntary action of heart,lungs, & digestive tract |
X- Vagus |
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Cranial Nerve involved in -sternomastoid & trapeziusmuscles, size & strength -turn head, shrug shoulders -move hand when on face |
XI- Spinal accessory |
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Cranial nerve involved in -tongue movement, lingual sounds -move tongue around -have pt say “light, tight, dynamite” |
XII- Hypoglossal |
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what is the name of the test in which you have patient stand with feet together and eyes closed for 20 seconds. watch for excessive swaying |
Romberg Test |
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When testing for coordination how do you test for Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM) |
1. Patty cake movement with increased speed 2.Thumb to each finger with increased speed 3. Finger to Finger 4. Finger to nose 5. Heel to shin |
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Done with eyes closed assess sensation of -pain (Sharp/dull) -Temperature -light touch |
Spinothalamic tract test |
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move extremities& they say whether up or down
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kinesthesia
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eyes closed identify objectsheld
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Stereognosis
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identify tracednumber in palm
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Graphesthesia
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ability todistinguish two simultaneous pin pricks • more sensitive on fingertips, less on upper arms, thighs, neck
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Two-point discrimination |
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simultaneously touchboth sides of the body, points felt
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Extinction
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point/touch where you felt you were touched
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Point location
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Deep Tendon Reflexes indicate spinal column is |
Intact |
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Reflex causes
• contraction, flexion of forearm |
Biceps |
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Reflex causes • extension (outward) of elbow |
Triceps |
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Reflex causes Pronation of forearm, flexion of elbow and contraction of muscle |
Brachiolradialis |
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Reflex causes
•tighten & pop - under patella |
Quadriceps |
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Reflex causes Plantar flexion and contraction of gastrocnemious |
Achilles |
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-fanning out of the toes (only normal in babies)
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Positive Babinski |
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curlingof the toes (normal for adults)
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Negative Babinski |
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-child holding head & archingback - up until 1 1/2 years - occurs around 3 months
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landau Reflex |
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•respond by crying or withdrawal |
Hypoesthesia |
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- 3-4 months (turntoward object to search for food when cheek is stroked)
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Rooting reflex |
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occurs 10-12 months(suck of finger)
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Sucking refelx |
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- 3-4 months (tightenhand around finger)
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Palmar Grasp |
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8-10 months (toes tryto curl around object touching ball of foot)
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Plantar reflex |
