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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alkali metal |
elements in Group 1A of the periodic table; the ions of the elements in this group have a 1+ charge |
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alkaline earth metals |
elements in Group 2A of the periodic table; the ions of the elements in this group have 2+ charg |
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anode |
the electrode at which oxidation occurs; it is the positively charged electrode within a cathode ray tube |
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atom |
the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of the element; made up of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutrons |
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average atomic mass |
the weighted average of the masses of the existing isotopes of an element; the sum of the masses of an element’s isotopes each multiplied by its natural abundance |
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atomic number |
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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cathode |
the electrode at which reduction occurs; it is the negatively charged electrode within a cathode ray tube |
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cathode ray |
a stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode (cathode) of a tube containing a gas at low pressure |
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diatomic elements |
elements that exist as diatomic molecules in nature; they include oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, and bromine |
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electron |
a negatively charged particle within an atom; it has a mass of 0.000549 amu |
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excited state |
an electron that has absorbed energy and, therefore, exists at a higher energy level |
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ground state |
the normal state of an electron or atom; at this state the electron or atom has the lowest possible energy |
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group (family) |
a vertical column on the periodic table with similar electron configurations, chemical properties, and the same number of valence electrons |
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halogens |
elements in Group 7A (17); they are the most reactive nonmetals |
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isotopes |
an atom that has the same number of protons as another, identical atom, but with differing numbers of neutrons |
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mass number |
the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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metal |
an element that typically has a high melting point, is ductile, malleable, and shiny, and a good conductor of heat and electricity |
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metalloids |
elements found on the stair-step line of the periodic table with properties of metals and nonmetals |
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neutron |
a neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom; it has a mass of 1.00867 amu |
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noble gases |
elements in Group 8A (18); they do not readily react with other elements due to a satisfied octet; they are inert |
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nonmetal |
elements that typically have a low melting point,a dull surface, breaks easily, and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity |
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period |
a horizontal row on the periodic table; the elements within the same period have the same number of energy levels |
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periodic law |
natural law that states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers |
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periodic table |
an arrangement of the elements by their atomic numbers so that elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers |
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proton |
a positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom; it has a mass of 1.00720 amu |
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relative abundance |
the percentage of an isotope that occurs in nature |
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strong nuclear force |
the attractive force among the particles in the nucleus of an atom; in a stable atom, it overcomes the forces of repulsion among protons |
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transition elements |
elements found in the middle column of the periodic table; they have multiple oxidation states |
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valence electrons |
electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom |
