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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a stimulus?
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A change in the environment that alerts a sense organ.
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What is the stimulus for the eyes? |
Light
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What is the stimulus for the nose?
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Chemicals in the air
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What is the stimulus for the tongue?
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Chemicals in food
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What is the stimulus for the skin?
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Pressure, pain or temperature
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What is the stimulus for the ears? |
Vibrations/sound
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What are the parts that make up the nervous system?
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Neurones Spinal cord Brain |
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What is the brain protected by?
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Cranium Cerebral fluid Meninges |
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The parietal lobe is behind the... |
Frontal lobe
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The temporal lobe is in front of the...
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Occipital lobe
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The frontal lobe is above the...
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Temporal lobe
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The occipital lobe is under the...
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Parietal lobe
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The brainstem is in front of the...
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Cerebellum
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The cerebellum is next to the...
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Brainstem
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The frontal lobe is in charge of... |
Mood, personality, emotions, problem solving and reasoning
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The temporal lobe is in charge of...
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Hearing, language and speech
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The parietal lobe is in charge of...
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The senses
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The occipital lobe is in charge of...
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Sight
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The cerebellum is in charge of...
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Balance and coordination
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What is an innate response?
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A response we are born knowing how to do. It is automatic and fast
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What are innate reactions mostly for?
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Protection or food
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What type of reaction is crying/whining?
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Innate
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What type of response is walking?
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Learnt
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What does StoRM stand for?
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Sensory to Relay, Motor
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Do learnt responses use the brain or spinal cord?
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Brain
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Do innate responses use the brain or spinal cord?
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Spinal cord
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What are the ways that animals learn? |
Trial and error Watching others Training |
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What is trial and error?
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Learning through making mistakes
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What is watching others?
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Learning through watching parents or siblings
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What is training?
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Being taught by humans
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What are the 2 training methods?
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Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement |
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What is positive reinforcement?
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Giving rewards when something is done right
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What is negative reinforcement?
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Punishing when something is done badly
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How can animals show aggression?
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Charging Making noise Increasing size Hitting the chest |
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What is short-term learning?
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When pathways begin to be established
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What is long-term learning?
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When pathways become permanent
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When does memory occur?
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When the brain is stimulated
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What are the different learning techniques?
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Visual Auditory Kinaesthetic |
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What is kinaesthetic learning? |
Learning by doing things
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What is acceleration?
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Speeding up
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What is attraction?
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Where a force pulls things together
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What is air resistance?
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A force that resists the movement of something moving through the air
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What is distance?
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How far something goes
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When is pressure exerted?
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When a force is applied over an area
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What is the equation for pressure?
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Force/area
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What is force measured in?
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Newtons
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What is pressure measured in?
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N/m(squared)
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What are 2 factors of pressure?
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The force acting and the pressure it's acting on
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As area increases, pressure...
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Decreases
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Why is there pressure in gases?
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Because the particles bounce off each other and the container they're in
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What is atmospheric pressure caused by?
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Gravity pulling particles down towards the Earth
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The nearer sea level you are, the ________ the atmosphere is
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Denser
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What is wind caused by?
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Differences in pressure in different areas
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The more particles in a space, the ________ the pressure
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Higher
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Why can gases be compressed?
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Because the particles are far apart, it's easy to push them closer together
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When gases are compressed, pressure __________.
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Increases
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Why can't we feel atmospheric pressure?
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Because the area is so wide
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Is a drill bit high or low pressure?
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High
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Is a tractor tyre high or low pressure?
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Low
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What is at the top of the pressure formula triangle?
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Force
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Why is it so difficult to compress a liquid?
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Because the particles are so close together they can't get much closer.
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Pressure gets bigger/smaller with depth
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Bigger
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What does a hydraulic system do?
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Converts a small force into a bigger one
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Hydraulics are filled with ______________ liquids
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Incompressible
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Why wouldn't gas work in a hydraulic system?
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Because they are compressible
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Pressure is ? throughout a liquid
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The same
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What is a pivot?
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A point that an object turns around. It always stays still
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What is a lever?
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The object that turns around the pivot when a force acts on it
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What is a moment?
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A turning effect
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Moment=
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Force x length of lever
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How can you increase the moment?
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Increase the force Increase the length of the lever |
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What are moments measures in?
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Nm
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What is speed?
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A measure of how far something can go in a certain amount of time, or how fast it goes
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Speed=
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distance/time
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What is at the top of the speed formula triangle?
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Distance
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What does a straight diagonal line mean on a distance-time graph?
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Steady/constant speed
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What does a straight horizontal line mean on a distance-time graph?
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Stationary
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What does a line curving downwards mean on a distance-time graph?
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Decelerating
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What does a line curving upwards mean on a distance-time graph?
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Accelerating
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Acceleration=
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change in speed/time
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What is drag?
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A force that acts in the opposite direction of movement and slows things down. |
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What is thrust?
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A forwards pushing force
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What is streamlining?
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Changing the shape of an object to make it more aerodynamic, smooth and sleek, cutting down on air resistance and makes it move faster.
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Why is air resistance lower the slower you move?
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Because you are hitting less particles per second.
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Why is air resistance lower when a shape is pointed at the front?
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Because the air particles hit the surface at an angle and bounce off sideways.
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Why is air resistance higher when an object has a flat front?
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Because the particles hit the surface at a right angle and this makes them stick.
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What are all things with mass mainly attracted to?
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The centre of the Earth
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Gravity changes depending on...
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The size of the object/planet
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Anything with mass is attracted to... |
Anything with mass, mainly the Earth.
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If thrust is larger than gravity/weight, the object...
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Stops/decelerates
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If thrust and gravity/weight are equal, the object...
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Stays at a steady speed
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If thrust is larger than weight, the object...
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Accelerates
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The bigger the mass, the ________ the gravitational attraction
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Bigger
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The bigger the distance, the _________ the gravitational attraction
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Smaller
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If something's mass is 0.1 kg, what is its weight?
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1N
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If something's mass is 0.7kg, what is its weight?
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7N
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If something's mass is 1kg, what is its weight?
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10N
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Weight=
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Gravity x mass
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What is at the top of the gravity formula triangle?
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Weight
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What is absorbtion?
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When something takes a substance in
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What is attraction?
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Where 2 objects are pulled together
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What is heat?
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A measure of the amount of thermal energy something has
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If an object has more heat energy than its surroundings...
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the heat energy goes from the object to the surroundings
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Why does a candle have a higher temperature than a warm bath?
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There is more heat energy per particle
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Why does a warm bath have more thermal energy than a candle?
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There is more heat energy overall, because there are more particles.
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Food can only be cooked in microwaves if they contain...
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Water
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Microwave ovens heat up the water particles in food. The particles...
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gain energy, vibrate more and bump into each other, spreading heat
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When a substance is heated, what happens?
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The particles gain thermal energy, meaning they move around more, so the substance expands and takes up more space.
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When a substance is cooled, what happens?
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The particles' thermal energy goes into the surroundings, so they move around less. This means the substance contracts and the particles take up less space.
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Boiling is when...
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A liquid is forced into changing to a gas
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Evaporating is when...
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A liquid naturally changes into a gas
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The melting point is the same as/different to the freezing point
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The same as
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The boiling point is/isn't the same as the condensing point
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is
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The melting point is the same as/different to the boiling point
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Different to
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During a change of state, the temperature does/doesn't change
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Doesn't
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When a liquid freezes...
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The bonds reform and the temperature stays the same. The energy makes the bonds reform, instead of bringing the temperature down
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What is conduction?
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The movement of heat through a substance, without the substance actually moving.
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