-3- Micro

Front 1

Elie Metchnikoff

Back 1

Founded phagocytosis

Front 2

Paul Ehrilich & Emil von Behring

Back 2

Humoral immunity. Immulity to diptheria and tetanus resided in the cell free portion of the blood.

Front 3

Wright and Douglas

Back 3

Who discovered Opsonins: serum substances aided phagocytosis?

Front 4

microorganisms

Back 4

What causes infectious diseases?

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Disease

Back 5

Any abnormality of body structure and/or function.

Front 6

Infection disease

Back 6

Diesease caused by microorganisms.

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Infection

Back 7

The invasion or colonization of the body by a pathogenic microorganism.

Front 8

Symbiosis

Back 8

living together

Front 9

Commensalism

Back 9

One organism is benefited and the other is unaffected.

Front 10

Mutualism

Back 10

Both organisms are benefited.

Front 11

Parasitism

Back 11

One organism is benefited at the expense of the other. (when the host is harmed)

Front 12

Host-microbial relationships

Back 12

Transient Microbiota/Flora
Normal/resident microbiota/flora
Opportunist/opportunistic pathogen
Pathogens

Front 13

Transient Microbiota/Flora

Back 13

Present only for a short time, without causing disease.

Front 14

Opportunist/opportunistic pathogen

Back 14

Organisms which are potentially disease causing but don't cause disease in healthy individuals. May cause disease in: immune compromised or suppreseed individuals, antibiotic therapy, ectopic sites (not normal place found), etc.

Front 15

Pathogens

Back 15

Disease causing organisms.

Front 16

Normal/resident microbiota/flora

Back 16

Microorganisms that colonize the body without causing disease.

Front 17

Microbial antagonism

Back 17

Prevents overgrowth of invading organisms/pathogens.
good guys
help prevent disease

Front 18

symptom
sign
syndrome
communicable disease
contagious
noncommunicable disease

Back 18

What are the classifications of infectious disease? (6)

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symptom

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subjective
something that someone feels

Front 20

sign

Back 20

Objective
Can be observed and measured
Something you see

Front 21

syndrome

Back 21

A group of symptoms/signs that together characterize a specific condition/disease.

Front 22

communicable disease

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Any disease spread from one host to another

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contagious

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Easily spread from one person to another.

Front 24

Noncommunicable disease

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1. opportunist
2. organism resides outside the body and is introduced by mechanical means.
e.g. Clost tetani (tetanus)

Front 25

clost tetani (tetanus)

Back 25

Give me an example of a noncommunicable disease.

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incidence of disease

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morbidity rate
# of new cases over a certain time period per healthy pop.
Usually given as # of cases/100,000.

Front 27

Prevalance

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___________ of a disease is the percent of the population having a particular disease at any given time.

Front 28

incidence

Back 28

The _________ of a disease is the fraction of a population that contracts it during a particular length of time.

Front 29

sporadic
endemic

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If a disease occurs only occationally, it is termed _________; when it is constantly present, as is the common cold, it is termed ________.

Front 30

acute

Back 30

An ______ disease is one that develps reapidly but last only a short time.

Front 31

chronic

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A ______ disease develops more slowly and the body reactions are often less severe, but its continuous or recurrent for long periods of time.

Front 32

subacute

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Diseases intermediate btwn acute and chronic are described as ________.

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latent

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A _______ disease is one in which the pathogen is inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce the symptoms

Front 34

Local infection

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is one in which the invading microorganisms are limited to a relatively small area of the body, e.g., boils.

Front 35

Systemic or generalized –

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infection, microorganisms or their products are spread throughout the body by the blood or lymphatic system

Front 36

Focal infection

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one in which a local infection, sinuses, enters the blood or lymph and spreads to other parts of the body.

Front 37

The presence of bacteria in the blood

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Bacteremia –

Front 38

Sepsis

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a toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of bacteria or baterial toxins from a focus of infection

Front 39

Septicemia

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sepsis that results from the proliferation of bacterial pathogens in the bloodstream

Front 40

presence of toxins in the blood.

Back 40

Toxemia –

Front 41

Viremia –

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presence of viruses in the blood.

Front 42

– is an acute infection that causes the initial illness.

Back 42

Primary infection

Front 43

Secondary infection

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caused by an opportunist only after the primary infection has weakened the body’s defenses.

Front 44

Subclinical (inapparent) infection

Back 44

one that does not cause any noticeable illness.

Front 45

Predispoing factors

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_________ _______, such as gender, genetic background, climate, age, and nutrition, can greatly affent the occurrence of disease in individuals

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Incubation period

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the time btwn actual infection and the first appearance of signs or symptoms.

Front 47

Prodromal period.

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follow the incubation period in some diseases and is characterized by mild symptoms of the disease

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Period of illness

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The overt symptoms of the disease are apparent.

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Period of decline .

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The signs and symptoms subside

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period of convalescence

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The patient regains his or her prediseased state

Front 51

Incubation period
Prodromal period
Period of illness
Period of decline
Period of convalescence

Back 51

What are the 5 developments of disease?

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reservior of infection

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A continual source of the pathogen, such as an animal or inanimate object.

Front 53

direct contact transmission

Back 53

Infections may be spread more or less directly from one host to another by, ______ ______ ___________, such as kissing, handshaking, bites, or sexual intercourse.

Front 54

Droplet infection

Back 54

Agents of the disease are spread very short distances(less than meter) while contained in droplets of saliva or mucus from coughing or sneezing.

Front 55

indirect contact transmission
fomite

Back 55

_______ ______ __________ involves a nonliving object, such as a drinking cup or towel, called a _______.

Front 56

vehicle transmission

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_______ __________ is inanimate reserviors such as food, water, or blood may transmit diseases to large numbers of individuals.

Front 57

airborne transmission

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Diseases spread by agents of infection traveling on droplets or dust for a distance of more than a meter are considered to occur by ______ _________.

Front 58

vectors

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animals that carry pathogens from one host to another.

Front 59

Mechanical transmission

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Insects carry pathogens on their bodies to food that is later swallowed by the host.

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Biological transmission

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The anthropod may pass the pathogen in a bit, or it may pass the pathogen in its feces, which later enter the wound caused by the anthropods bite.

Front 61

Portals of exit

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Routes by which a pathogen leaves the body