2Vm - Pharmacology - Test Iii - Drugs (Anesthetics)

Front 1

Define anesthesia

Back 1

Insensible or without feeling

Front 2

6 aspects of general anesthesia

Back 2

- Reversible CNS depression
- Unconsciousness (absence of awareness)
- Amnesia
- Analgesia
- Muscle relaxation
- Immobility (Diminished motor response to noxious stimulation)

Front 3

What occurs in Stage I of anesthesia?

Back 3

Stage of voluntary movement

Front 4

What occurs in Stage II of anesthesia? (2)

Back 4

- Stage of delirium or involuntary movement
- Loss of voluntary control

Excitement stage

Front 5

What occurs in Stage III of anesthesia?

Back 5

Surgical anesthesia
- Unconsciousness

Front 6

What occurs in Stage IV of anesthesia?

Back 6

CNS extremely depressed
- Respiration ceases (euthanasia)

Front 7

2 inhalation anesthetics used today

Back 7

- Isoflurane
- Sevoflurane

Front 8

Respiratory rate's effect on induction with inhalant anesthetics

Back 8

Faster they breathe, the faster they're induced

Front 9

What does a high Blood/Gas Partition Coefficient mean?

Back 9

The compound likes to stay in the blood, so doesn't move into CNS as quick and as a result, induction is slower

Front 10

How does HR affect induction rate?

Back 10

Inversely, because as HR increases, induction rate will decrease as blood has less alveolar contact time

Front 11

Relationship of MAC to potency

Back 11

Inversely related

Front 12

What's a potential downside of a low Blood/Gas Partition Coefficient?

Back 12

Cleared quicker, so animal may wake up too soon

Front 13

Why does Isoflurane induce anesthesia slower than Sevoflurane?

Back 13

Isoflurane is more potent, but has a higher Blood/Gas Partition Coefficient than Sevoflurane

Front 14

MoA of Inhalant anesthetics

Back 14

Unknown

Front 15

Inhalant anesthetics affect on CNS (2)

Back 15

- CNS depression
- Increase CBF (increases intracranial pressure)

Front 16

Inhalant anesthetics affect on CV

Back 16

CV depression

Front 17

Inhalant anesthetics affect on Respiration

Back 17

Respiratory depression

Front 18

Inhalant anesthetics affect on kidney

Back 18

Alters blood flow

Front 19

Which inhalant anesthetic produces 'Compound A', and where?

Back 19

Sevoflurane
- In the kidneys

Front 20

What is the significance of Compound A, and where does it come from?

Back 20

Nephrotoxic
- Produced by Sevoflurane

Front 21

4 AE of occupational exposure to inhalant anesthetics

Back 21

- Dizziness
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Spontaneous abortion

Front 22

Which stage of anesthesia is surgery done in?

Back 22

III

Front 23

Which stage of Anesthesia is the excitement stage?

Back 23

II

Front 24

What's the benefit of injectable anesthetics?

Back 24

Proceed quickly through stage II

Front 25

4 actions of barbiturates

Back 25

- Sedation
- Hypnosis (sleep)
- Anesthesia
- Death

Front 26

MoA of Barbiturates

Back 26

Binds to GABA
- Depresses RAS

Front 27

3 barbiturates

Back 27

- Thiopental
- Pentobarbital
- Phenobarbital

Front 28

Which barbiturate is longest acting?

Back 28

Phenobarbital

Front 29

Which barbiturate is shortest acting?

Back 29

Thiopental

Front 30

Barbiturates are controlled substances

Back 30

Barbiturates are controlled substances

Front 31

What's important to remember about barbiturate injection?

Back 31

Causes sloughing of skin if not injected correctly

Front 32

Babiturate effects on CNS (2)

Back 32

- CNS depression
- Anti-convulsants

Front 33

Babiturate effects on Respiration

Back 33

Respiratory depression

Front 34

Babiturate effects on Musculature

Back 34

Muscle relaxation

Front 35

Babiturate effects on Liver

Back 35

Increase CYP450

Front 36

Analgesic properties of Babiturates

Back 36

Not analgesic

Front 37

What terminates anesthesia of barbiturates?

Back 37

Physical redistribution from CNS into other tissues

Front 38

Liver metabolism order of barbiturates

Back 38

All metabolized at same rate

Front 39

Dissociative Anesthetics effects on CNS

Back 39

Increase cerebral blood flow (increases intracranial pressure)

Front 40

Dissociative Anesthetics effects on CV

Back 40

Increase HR

Front 41

Dissociative Anesthetics effects on Respiration

Back 41

Apneusis

Front 42

Dissociative Anesthetics effects on Musculature

Back 42

No relaxation

Front 43

Dissociative Anesthetics effects on eyes

Back 43

Increase in intraocular pressure

Front 44

Analgesic effects of Dissociative Anesthetics

Back 44

Produces analgesia

Front 45

All Dissociative Anesthetics are scheduled drugs

Back 45

All Dissociative Anesthetics are scheduled drugs

Front 46

What drug is tiletamine combined with?

Back 46

Zolazepam

Front 47

What was the first dissociative anesthetic used in veterinary medicine?

Back 47

Phencyclidine (PCP)