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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what's V and Q? what should their ratio be?
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V- ventilation - the amount of air reaching the alveoli
Q- perfusion - the amount blood reaching the alveoli V:Q ought to be about 0.8 and is generally HIGHER at the APEX (above heart), and LOWER at the BASE (below heart) |
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diagram of the respiratory centre
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describe the different areas of the respiratory centre
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-MEDULLARY RYTHMICITY AREA
---INSPIRATORY AREA - basic rhythm of breathing, sends impulses to diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles for 2 seconds every 5 seconds ---EXPIRATORY AREA - inactive during quiet breathing, in forceful breathing nerve impulses from inspiratory area activate expiratory area, contracts abdonminals and internal intercostals PNEUMOTAXIC AREA - shorten period of inhalation APNEUSTIC AREA - prolong inhalation (overridden by pneumotaxic area) |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
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-cortical influences
-chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences... -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
-cerebral cortex has connections with respiratory centre so we can voluntarily alter our breathing
-when PCO2 and H+ increase the inspiratory centre is strongly stimulated and normal breathing will resume |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation... -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
-CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS in medulla oblongata in CNS respond to changes in CO2 and H+ in CSF
-PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS in AORTIC BODIES (VAGUS n.) and CAROTID (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL n.) BODIES respond to changes in O2, CO2 and H+ in BLOOD when CO2 and H+ rise and O2 falls INSPIRATORY CENTRE becomes highly active, increasing rate and depth of breathing (more strongly activated by high CO2 than by low O2) |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation... -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
nerve impulses from proprioceptors stimulate inspiratory centre BEFORE changes in O2, CO2, H+ take place
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex... -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
-baroreceptors in walls of bronchi and bronchioles
-increased stretch = increased impulses along vagus to inspiratory and apneustic areas -inspiratory area is inhibited -apneusitc area is inhibited from activating inspiratory area -leads to exhalation |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system... -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
anticipation of activity or emotional anxiety - inspiratory area response
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature... -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
increased temp increased RR,
decreased temp decresed RR |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain... -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP |
-brief apnoea
-prolonged pain increases RR |
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter... -irritation of airways -BP |
increases RR
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways... -BP |
immediate cessation of breathing followed by coughing/sneezing
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regulation of the respiratory centre influenced by...
-cortical influences -chemoreceptor regulation -proprioceptor regulation -inflation reflex -limbic system -temperature -pain -stretching anal sphincter -irritation of airways -BP... |
carotid and aortic baroreceptors have small effect on respiration
drop in BP - rise in RR sudden rise in BP - drop in RR |
