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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do most mycotoxins affect?
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Protein synthesis
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Toxic agent of Amanita and Galerina
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Alkaloids
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Two methods of transmission of Amanita and Galerina
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- Ingestion
- Inhalation |
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Major toxin of Amanita and Galerina
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Muscarine
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Five organ systems affected by Amanita and Galerina
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- Liver
- Kidneys - Skin (1* and 2* PS) - CNS - GIT |
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Primary species affected by Amanita and Galerina
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Humans
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Two species affected by Amanita and Galerina
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- Humans
- Dogs |
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Tx of Amanita and Galerina (2)
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- Activated charcoal
- Empty the stomach |
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Two Aflatoxins
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- Aspergillus
- Penicillum |
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Primary organ affected by Aspergillus and Penicillum in dogs
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Liver
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Primary symptom of Aspergillus and Penicillum in bovines
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'Poor doers'
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DDx of Aspergillus and Penicillum
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Anticoagulants and Rodenticides
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Primary source of Aspergillus and Penicillum toxicity
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Corn and storage problem
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5 sources of Aspergillus and Penicillum in feed
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- Corn
- Peanuts - Pecans - Cottonseed - Dog food |
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4 species, by rank, affected by Aspergillus and Penicillum
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K9 > Swine > Bov > Sheep
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Tx of Aspergillus and Penicillum
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Protect liver
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Primary organ affected by Ocratoxin
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Kidney
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MoA of Ocratoxin
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Inhibits mitochondria
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Primary species affected by Ocratoxin
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Swine
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Primary symptom of Zearalenone
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Vulvovaginitis
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What fungus causes vulvovaginitis?
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Zearalenone
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Primary group affected by Zearalenone
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Young, female pigs
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Three TA of Tricothecene
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- T-5 Toxin
- DAS - DOS |
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MoA of Tricothecene
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Inhibits protein synthesis
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6 syndromes of Tricothecene
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- Dermatonecrosis
- Vomition - Feed refusal - Bone marrow dyscrasia - Carcinogenesis - Reproductive effects |
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MoA of Tricothecene in pigs
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Stimulates CRTZ
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TA of Tremorgenic toxins
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- Tremortin A
- Penitrem A |
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CS of Tremorgenic toxins
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Saw Horse stance
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What fungus causes a Saw Horse stance as a result of muscle rigidity?
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Tremorgenic toxins
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4 feed stuffs that Tremorgenic toxins is found in
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- Dairy products
- Walnuts - Peanuts - Pecans |
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Primary species affected by Tremorgenic toxins
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Dogs
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DDx of Tremorgenic toxins
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Strychnine
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What fungus is Strychnine a DDx of?
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Tremorgenic toxins
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Tx of Tremorgenic toxins
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Diazepam
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What would be contraindicated in treatment of Tremorgenic toxins?
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Emesis
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What fungus causes the 'slobber factor'?
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Slaframine
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TA of Slaframine
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Piperidine Alkaloid
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MoA of Slaframine
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Alkaloid activated by liver to parasympathomimetic agent
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Clinical sign of Slaframine
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Salivation
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What plant is Slaframine associated with?
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Trifolium spp. (Red Clover)
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Two species affected by Slaframine
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- Bovine
- Equine |
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Tx of Slaframine
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Atropine
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Problem with treatment of Slaframine with Atropine
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Does not stop salivation
- Has to resolve on its own |
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Genus of the Blister Beetle? (2)
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- Epicauta
- Pyrota |
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TA of Epicauta and Pyrota
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Cantharidin
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How is Cantharidin excreted?
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Unchanged in urine
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Why is Cantharidin rapidly absorbed?
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Very lipid soluble
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What is Cantharidin found in?
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Infested hay
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3 organs affected by Epicauta and Pyrota
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- GIT
- Urogenital tract (kidney primarily) - Heart |
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Primary CS of Epicauta and Pyrota
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Thumps (synchronous diaphragmatic flutters)
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Primary species affected by Epicauta and Pyrota
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Equine
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Tx of Epicauta and Pyrota (3)
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- Fluids with calcium
- Activated charcoal - Mineral oil |
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Primary element deficiency of Epicauta and Pyrota
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Calcium
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What is the nickname of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia?
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Moldy Corn Poisoning
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TA of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia
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Fumonisin B
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Primary lesion of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia in horses
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Liquefactive necrosis of white matter
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3 CS of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia
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- Blindness
- Somnolence - Inappetance |
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Primary CS of Moldy Corn Poisoning in pigs
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Pulmonary edema
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Two species affected by Moldy Corn Poisoning
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- Equine primarily
- Pigs |
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Tx of Moldy Corn Poisoning
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No treatment
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Px of Moldy Corn Poisoning
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Don't feed corn screenings to horses
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Common name of Cyanophyta
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Blue-Green Algae
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4 organ systems affected by Cyanophyta spp.
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- Nervous system
- GIT - Liver - Skin |
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What is the origin of toxins in Cyanophyta?
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Metabolites of cyanobacteria
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There is no 'tomain' poisoning
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There is no 'tomain' poisoning
- Not entirely sure what this means.. |