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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Where is acetylcholinesterase (true cholinesterase) found? (2)
- Nervous tissue
- RBCs
Where is psuedocholinesterase found? (2)
- Nervous tissue
- Plasma
What is a 'nerve agent'?
One that blocks acetylcholinesterase
Where does the primary amount of biotransformation occur?
Liver
Muscarinic signs of OP toxicity
SLUDD and other PSNS signs
Nicotinic signs of OP toxicity
NMJ blockade
Central signs of OP toxicity
CNS signs
What do OPs do to cholinesterases?
Inhibit by irreversibly binding them
What do carbamates do to cholinesterases?
Inhibit by reversibly binding them
What is a naturally ocurring carbamate?
Physostigmine
What should be kept in mind when treating OP toxicity?
Can't control all clinical signs
- Should instead treat convulsions first
Two drugs used to treat OP toxicity
- ATropine
- 2-PAM (oximes)
Two signs of a 'chronic' toxicity of OPs
- Weight loss ("poor doers")
- Decreased sperm quality (poor reproductive performance)
Why is it important not to try and control all clinical symptoms of OP toxicity?
May end up trading a OP toxicity for an atropine or 2-PAM toxicity
How does atropine treat OP toxicity?
Blocks excess choline
How does 2-PAM treat OP toxicity?
Re-activates cholinesterase
What should not be used to monitor atropine dosages?
Heart rate
What is rotenone derived from?
Derris spp.
MoA of rotenone
Blocks conversion of NADH2 to NADH
Clinical signs of rotenone (3)
- Vomiting
- Tremors/convulsions
- Respiratory depression

Relatively non-toxic though
What are pyrethroids derived from?
Chrysanthenum
Which pyrethroid is toxic to cats?
Permethrin
What is the least toxic of all insecticides?
Pyrethroids
MoA of pyrethroids
Slows nerve conductance
MoA of Type I pyrethrins
Increases Na+ permeability in nerve membrane
MoA of Type II pyrethrins
Inhibits GABA
Which two receptors do pyrethroids affect?
- Muscarinic
- Nicotinic
Clinical signs of pyrethroids affecting nicotinic receptors (2)
- Muscle fasciculations
- Seizures
- Weakness
Treatment of pyrethroids (2)
- Bathing
- Atropine or diazepam to control salivation
What is limoline derived from?
Citrus plants
What species is susceptible to limoline?
Cats
What is Sodium fluoroacetate AKA?
Compound 1080
MoA of Sodium fluoroacetate
Replaces Acetyl CoA with Fluoroacetyl CoA which, in the long run, irreversibly blocks the TCA cycle
- 'Lethal synthesis' to fluorocitrate
Clinical sign of Sodium fluoroacetate in Equine and Bovine
CV collapse
Clinical sign of Sodium fluoroacetate in dogs
Vomiting with an empty stomach
Tx for Sodium Fluoroacetate
Not really any good ones.