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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is known as the 'homicidal agent' and why?
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Thalium sulfate
- Odorless - Tasteless - Colorless |
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What is Thalium Sulfate nicknamed?
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Homicidal Agent
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Which tissues does Thalium sulfate affect?
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All
- Pantropic |
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How does Thalium sulfate elicit its effects?
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Follows and replaces K+
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Peracute sign of Thalium sulfate toxicity
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Primarily neurological
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Acute sign of Thalium sulfate toxicity (3)
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- Lacrimation
- Bright red MM - Erythema |
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Chronic signs of Thalium sulfate toxicity
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Mange-like skin with pustules
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Tx of Thalium sulfate toxicity (2)
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- Prussian Blue (ferric cyanoferrate)
- KCl |
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How does Prussian Blue treat Thalium sulfate toxicity?
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Stays in GIT and binds thalium as it's excreted
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Which two types of Phosphorus are the most toxic?
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- Yellow
- White |
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What's important to keep in mind about recovery from Phosphorus toxicity?
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Biphasic recovery
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4 clinical signs of Phosphorus toxicity
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- Vomit that smells like wet matches
- GI irritation - Convulsions - Death |
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Which rodenticide has vomitus that smells like wet matches?
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Phosphorus
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Lesions of Phosphorus toxicity
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Fatty liver
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Tx of Phosphorus toxicity
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Evacuate stomach with activated charcoal and follow with mineral (not vegetable) oil
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What rodenticide is also a grain fumigant?
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Zinc phosphide
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What's important about using Zinc phosphide as a grain fumigant?
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Use it 48 hours prior to feeding the grain
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MoA of Zinc phosphide
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Phosphine release
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Clinical signs of Zinc phosphide (3)
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- Pulmonary edema/congestion
- Bloody vomit - Multiple organ failure |
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Dx of Zinc phosphide
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Odor of acetylene upon opening stomach
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Tx of Zinc phosphide
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There is none.
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What is cholecalciferol AKA?
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Vitamin D3
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MoA of Cholecalciferol
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Mobilizes Ca++ from bones into blood
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Primary clinical sign of Cholecalciferol
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Hypercalcemia
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Acute sign of cholecalciferol
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Heart stops
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Chronic sign of cholecalciferol
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Calcification of tissues
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Tx of Cholecalciferol (2)
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No real good one, but can try:
- Corticosteroids (increase Ca++ excretion) - Calcitonin |
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Dx of Cholecalciferol
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Hypercalcemia
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MoA of Bromethalin
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Uncouples Oxidative phosphorylation by dissipating H+ gradient
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Two rodenticides that are anticoagulants
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- Dicoumarol
- Warfarin |
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What is the number one source of cat and dog intoxification?
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Anticoagulant rodenticides
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Which generation of anticoagulant rodenticides is more toxic?
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2nd generation
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MoA of anticoagulant rodenticides
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Blocks Vitamin K epoxide reductase which prevents reduction of Vitamin K epoxide to Vitamin K
- Vitamin K is involved with the synthesis of various clotting factors |
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Which clotting factor has the shortest half-life?
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VII (6 hours)
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Several small doses of anticoagulant rodenticides can equal one large dose
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Several small doses of anticoagulant rodenticides can equal one large dose
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Why is owner compliance mandatory in treating anticoagulant rodenticides?
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Relapses are more difficult to treat
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How long should you treat anticoagulant rodenticides toxicity to prevent relapse?
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A month
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Tx of anticoagulant rodenticides (2)
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- Fresh whole blood
- Vitamin K-1 |
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What should be kept in mind in regards to the Vitamin K-1 vets have access to versus that which is OTC?
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Medicine Vitamin K-1 has a much higher concentration
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MoA of strychnine
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Blocks Glycine receptors
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Cause of death in strychnine intoxication
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Hypoxia due to respiratory depression
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Symptom of strychnine intoxication in dogs and cats
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Has a full stomach but cannot vomit
- Opposite of Sodium fluoroacetate poisoning |
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Symptoms of strychnine intoxication
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- Spinal convulsant
- Rigid extension of limbs - Convulsions |
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Tx of strychnine intoxication
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- Activated charcoal
- Stomach emptying - Pentobarb (to control seizures) |
