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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are herbicides and plant dessicants regulated by?
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EPA
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Which agents of herbicides and plant dessicants are more expensive, toxic, and specific?
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Newer agents
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3 phenoxyl derivatives of fatty acids
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- 2, 4 - D
- 2, 4, 5 - T - Racemic mixture of the two |
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Which phenoxyl derivative has restricted use?
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2, 4 - D
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Which phenoxyl derivative contains dioxins?
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2, 4, 5 - T
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Which phenoxyl derivative is Agent Orange?
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Racemic mixture of 2, 4 - D and 2, 4, 5 - T
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Clinical signs of phenoxyl derivative in general
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ADR
- Primarily CNS signs |
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Clinical sign of phenoxyl derivative in ruminants
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Ruminal atony
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Effect of thio-carbamates on AchE
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Does not inhibit
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Which agent of herbicides and plant dessicants is hazardous under conditions of use and no longer approved by EPA?
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Arsenicals
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Which agent of herbicides and plant dessicants requires dilution before pets are allowed contact?
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Triazines
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Two triazines
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-ines
- Atrazine - Simazine |
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Clinical signs of triazine toxicity
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Friable, congested liver
- May indicate increased body temperature |
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3 dipyridyl compounds
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-quats
- Paraquat - Diquat - Morfamquat |
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MoA of dipyridyl compounds
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Forms superoxide to cause a self-perpetuating chain reaction of lipid peroxidation
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Primary clinical sign of dipyridyl compounds
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Fibrogenic pneumonia
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3 problems with handling dipyridyl compounds
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- Can be absorbed through skin (minimally, but has low LD50)
- Can be absorbed through oral cavity - Lingers in body for 2 weeks |
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Which herbicide and plant dessicant has a biphasic recovery?
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Dipyridyl compounds
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2 lesions associated with dipyridyl compounds
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- Pulmonary fibrosis **
- Jaundice |
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Treatment of dipyridyl compounds
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None really
- Can try Fuller's Earth - Oxygen therapy may exacerbate (due to superoxide formation) |
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What is the active ingredient in RoundUp?
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Glyphosphate
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What is the safest herbicide on the market?
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Glyphosphate (RoundUp)
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MoA of Sodium Chlorate
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Strong oxidizer of hemoglobin in blood and RBCs
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What does Sodium Chlorate form when reacting with hemoglobin?
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Methemoglobin
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Primary clinical sign of Sodium Chlorate
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Intravascular hemolysis
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Tx for Sodium Chlorate
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Methylene Blue
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What do patients afflicted with Sodium Chlorate toxicity die of?
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Hypoxia
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