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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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developmental stage between childhood and adulthood
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adolescence
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list two physical maturation in the adolescence
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rapid pace of physical and sexual maturation
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what is the growth spurt during adolescence
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dramtic changes in height and weight
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difference between girls and boys
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girls start and stop 2 years earlier than boys
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when does puberty begins
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the pituitary gland in the brain signals other glands to begin producing androgens or estorgens at the adult level
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age for girls
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10 1/2 11, or 12
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age for boys
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13 or 14
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onset of menstruation
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menarche
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at what age did mnarche start in the 19th century
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14 or 15
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the earlier start of puberty is an example of a ?
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secular trend
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a statistical tendency obseved over several generations
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secular trend
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early development is linked to two things
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reduced disease and
better nutrition |
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primary sex characteristics
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organs
structures of the body related to reproduction |
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secondary sex characteristics
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visible signs of sexuall maturity that do not involve sex organs directly
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postive attributes for early maturation for boys
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better at athletics
more popular positive self esteem grow up to be more copperative and responsible |
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negative attributes for early maturation for boys
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more likly to have school difficulties
more involved in delinquency and PSA with older friends |
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early maturation for girls ?
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difficult
tend to be more popular but may not be ready to deal with dating situations |
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disadvantages for lated maturation for boys
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seen as less attractive
disadvantage with sports also can lead to poor self concept, which may extend into adult hood |
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problem for late maturation for girls
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can be overlooked
may have low social status but when they catch up their self esteen is high with highter body esteem because they are more slender and leggy than early maturings girls |
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name two eating disorders
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anorexia nervosa
bulimia |
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may become a skeletal
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anorexia nervosa
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binges on large quantities of food followered by purgin through vomit and the use of laxatives
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bulimia
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list two physiological problems with eating disorders
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electrolyte imbalance caused by n& v
can lead to heart failure |
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pigets approach to cognitive development
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formal operations
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a perior way think abstract
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formal operations
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at what age can use principles of logic
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12 to 15`
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adolescents start with a theory and deduce esplanations from it,
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hypothetico deductive reasoning
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what distintinguishes the formal operational period
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hypothetico-deductive reasoning
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what does hypothetico-deductive reasoning do?
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allows the adolescent to think abstractly
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what is reasoning that uses abstract thought or logic in the absence of concrete examples
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prepositional thought
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how does the ability to think abstractly affects the adolen. behavior?
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more argumentative
it makes them more interesting but challenging |
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sees changes in cognitive abilities as gradual transformation in the way that person's take in, use, and store information
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information processing perspective
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the ability to think about one's own thinking process and the ability to monitor one's cognition
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metacognition
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stage of self-absorption where the world is seen only from ones's own perspecctive
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adolescent egocentrism
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name 3 things that adoles. do?
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critical of authority figures
unwilling to accept criticism quick to find fault with others |
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adolescent egocentrism leads to two distortions
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imaginary audience
personal fables |
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adolescents think they are the focus of everyone else's attention
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imaginary audience
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the belief that the adolescent is unique and exceptional and shared by on one else
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personal fabels
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what happens to school performance
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declines
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why do grades decline
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material more complex
tachers grade older adolescents more stringently |
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what happens to school perfomrance
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grades decline
drop out of school |
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5 reasons adolescentr try illegal drugs
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perceived pleasurable experience
excape from daily pressures thrill of doing something illegal number of role models use drugs peer pressure |
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produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them
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addictive drugs
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why do adolescents drink
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an adult thing
macho image for male athleted releases inhibitions and tension false consenuse effects |
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what is false conseinuse effects
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assumption that eveyone else is doing it
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drinking five or more drinks for men and four or more for woment in ones sitting
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binge drinking
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what is a troupling pattern in college students
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binge drinking
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are persons with a problem who have learned to depend o ETOH and are unable to stop
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alcoholics
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list trends in smoking
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decreased
more prevalent among girls moe with white versus blacks |
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a pattern of change occurring over several generations
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secular trend
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have a fear of fat and lose a 1/4 of body wt
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anorexia
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name two reactions that adolescents have
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some confusion
increased self esteem |
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formal opeations
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deductive reasoing
able to use formal reasoning thinks with logic |
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list two problems with imaginary audience
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self conscious
embassement esp with zit on face |
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what do personal fables allow
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allow to practice in risky behaviors
drink-drive smoke and sex |
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what do they believe
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i am special and nothing will happen to me
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list 2 characters of formal operations
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abstract reasoning
experimental approach to problems |
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what are cognitve advance of adolescence
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quantititative and gradual
involving improvements in many aspecdts of thinking and memory |
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what enables the monitoring of thougt processes and of mental capacities
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improved metacognition
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list two things that adolescent are susceptible
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adolescent egocentrism
perception that an imaginary audience is contantly observingness their behavior |
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what do personal fables do?
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stress their uniqueness and immunity to harm
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3 reasons why use drugs
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pleasure
avoid pressure gain approval of peers |
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why do adoles. smoke more
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to enhance their image or emulate adults
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list two psychological effects that phyciscal changes of pubety
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increase self esteem
increase self awareness as well as confusion about sexuality |
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ways in which cognitive development proceed during adolescence
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rapid with gains of abstract thinking and reasoning
and to view possibilities in relative rather than in absoute terms |
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what permits them to monitor thought process and accurity assess their cognitive capabilities
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meta cognition
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male secondary sex characteristics
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growth of pubic hair
,underarm and facial hair deepening of voice |
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male primary sex char.
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penis grows
sperm produce seminal vesicles produce semen |
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female secondary sex charc.
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development of breasts
pubic hair |
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primary sex charc.
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changes in vagina and uterus
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