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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mental health
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successfully adapting to internal or externa stressor; your thoughts feelings and behaviors are age-appropriate and congruent with cultural norms
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cultural relativity
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in one society the person would be deemed as mentally ill, but in another society their behavior is considered normal
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mental illness
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maladaptive response to internal or external stress; thought feelings and behaviors are not congruent with local and cultural norms, as well as they interfere with one's social, occupational, and or physical functioning
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what does the US use to define mental illness?
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The DSM-IV-TR (not culture)
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Axis I
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psychiatric illnesses - ex. bipolar, depression
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Axis II
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personality disorders and mental retardation
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Axis III
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general medical conditions - ex. diabetes
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Axis IV
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psychosocial and environmental problems
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Axis V
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GAF scale
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GAF scale
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Global Assessment of Functioning; measures psychological, social, and occupational functioning
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intoxication
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use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior
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withdrawal syndrome
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the negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when use of a substance stops or dramatically decreases
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detoxification
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process of safely withdrawing from a substance
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substance abuse
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using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or socail norms, despite negative consequences - denotes problems in social, vocational, or legal areas of the person's life
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substance dependence
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problems associated with addiction - tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to stop
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PCP stands for...
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phencyclidine
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What is the biochemical theory of substance dependence etiology?
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The by-products of alcohol metabolism, acyetaldehyde, reacts with the amines dopamine and serotonin, to form morphine-like substances causing alcohol addiction
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What is the developmental theory of substance dependence etiology?
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underdeveloped superego causes fixation in the oral stage, causing unconscious anxiety
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What is the personality theory of substance dependence etiology?
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Risk factors include low self-esteem, depression, passivity, inability to relax or defer gratification, and inability to communicate effectively
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If a child's parent used substance, they are more likely to use it too.
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True
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What is the CAGE questionaire?
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a widely used method of screening for alcoholism;
1. ever felt need to Cut down? 2. have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking 3. ever felt Guilty about it? 4. ever felt you needed an Eye-Opener? --2 yes answers req's further investigation |
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initial effect of alcohol
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relaxation and loss of inhibitions
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intoxication of alcohol
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slurred speech, unsteady gait, lack of coordination, impaired attention, concentration, memory, and judgment
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overdose of alcohol
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vomiting, unconsciousness, and respiratory depression
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treatment for alcohol OD
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similar for any CNS depressant: gastric lavage or dialysis and respiratory and cardiovascular support in the ICU
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WD sytoms of alcohol
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usually begin 4-12 hours after cessation or marked decrease or intake
symptoms - coarse hand tremors, sweating, increase pulse, increase BP, insomnia, anxiety, N/V |
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alcohol withdrawal treatment
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benzodiazepines such as lorazepam (Ativan)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium), or diazepam (Valium) |
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lorazepam aka
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ativan
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chlordiazepoxide aka
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Librium
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diazepam aka
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Valium
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CIWA scale
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Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale
<8 is mild 8-15 is moderate withdrawal >15 is sever withdrawal |
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What are the physiologic effects of long-term alcohol use?
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vitamin B deficiency leading to (peripheral neuropathy, alcoholic myopathy, and Wernicke's encephalopathy), Korsakoff's psychosis, pancreatitis, esophagitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, ascites, and esophageal varices
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what do you give to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with alcoholism?
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vitamin B
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What is Korsakoff's psychosis?
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a neurological disorder caused by lask of vitamin B1 - thiamine in the brain. symptoms include 1. anterograde amnesia. 2. retrograde amnesia - severe memory loss. 3. confabulation 4. meager content in conversation. 5. lack of insight. 6. apathy
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barbiturates aka
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phenobarbital
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non-barbiturate hypnotics aka
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chloral hydrate
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antianxiety agents aka
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benzodiazepines
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complications of sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
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decreases activity of the brain, nerves, muscle, and heart
easy dependence, tolerance, and addiction risk for withdrawal is used regularly |
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symptoms of intoxication from sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
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slurred speech
lack of coordination unsteady gait labile mood impaired attention or memory ?stupor or coma |
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symptoms and treatment of oral benzo OD
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lethargy and confusion
tx - gastic lavage f/b ingestion of activated charcoal and saline cathartic; dialysis if symptoms are severe |
