22 - Protists

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Define protists

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diverse, unicellular eukaryotes

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used to be Kingdom

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Protista

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protists

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convenient term for eukaryotes that are neither plants, animals, or fungi

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Mode for nutrition

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Lezgo

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autotrophs

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algae (Caulerpa)

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heterotrophs

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protozoans

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parasites

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from living host (Giardia)

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mixotrophs

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both photosynthethic and heterotrophy, depend on availability of light and nutrients (Euglena)

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Habitat

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aquatic, moisture, inhabit bodies of other organisms

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protists are more complex than

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prokaryotes

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Why?

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Have organelles and flagella

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Simplest eukaryotes. Why

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unicellular

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monophyletic means

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from common ancestor

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What are four monophyletic supergroups?

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SAR, Excavata, Unikonta, Archaeplastida

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SAR

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Stramenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria

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Unikonta

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Amoebozoans

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Amoebozoans related to

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Fungi and animals

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Archaeplastida

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Red algae and green algae

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Related to green algae

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land plants

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stramenopila are closer to

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Alveolata

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Stramenopila

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diatoms, brown algae, and water molds

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autotrophic stramenopila

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brown algae and diatoms

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water molds are initially thought to be

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fungi

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glassy cell wall made of

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silica

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food vacuoles makes them

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bouyant

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Alveolata

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dinoflagellates, ciliates, parasites

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Dinoflagellates are

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autotrophic and causes red tides

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Examples of ciliates

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Paramecium (move to obtain food)

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Example of parasite

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Plasmodium which causes malaria

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Rhizaria

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Amoebas (foraminiferans, radiolarians)

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they move and feed through

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pseudopodia

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Groups that are autotrophic

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Stramenopila (brown algae and diatoms)

Alveolata (dinoflagellates)

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Algae renewable energy, how?

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convert sunlight to energy in form of natural oils which are similar to biofuels

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Excavata have excavated

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feeding groove

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They also have

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modified mitochondria

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Which lacks functional

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ETC (incomplete cellular respiration, only glycolysis)

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heterotroph found in termites gut

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Trichonympha

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Mixotroph

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Euglena

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Parasites which causes diarrhea

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giardi aintestinal

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More examples

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Trichomonas vaginalis (women more affected) and trypanosoma

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Unikonta

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amoebozoans, plants and fungi

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Examples

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Amoebas, parasites, slime molds

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Shape of pseudopodia

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tube or loped shaped

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Difference

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finger like and loped shaped

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Difference

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multinucleated one organism vs many organisms come together

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Archaeplastida

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Red and green algae

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Characteristics are

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Autotrophic

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Coem from

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Cyanobacteria

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Land plants from

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Green algae

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Found in products

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Carrageenan

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Red algae most are

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Soft bodied but some have hard, chalky deposits

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Green algae have

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Unicellular, multicellular, and colonials

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Unicellular examples

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Chlamydomonas

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Colonials

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Volvox

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oldest chucho

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Choanoflagellates