2015-2016 - Grade 6 - Social Studies - Chapter 4

Front 1

Indus River

Back 1

a river in India that begins in high snow-covered mountains that flows southwest into the Arabian Sea

Front 2

Himalaya Mountains

Back 2

a towering mountain range that separates the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia

Front 3

Subcontinent

Back 3

large landmass that is geographically separated from the rest of the continent

Front 4

Harappa

Back 4

city discovered by archaeologists in 1921; today Indus Valley civilization is called Harappan civilization

Front 5

Mohenjo-Daro

Back 5

a large city about 400 miles south of Harappa; about 40,000 people lived there; organized civilization (streets, bricks, citadel, apartments, sewer system)

Front 6

Citadel

Back 6

strong fortress surrounded by thick walls to protect a city from enemies and flood waters

Front 7

Central Planning (p.120)

Back 7

organized planning for a city by central governments

Front 8

Workshops

Back 8

places where people made specialized materials, jewelry, art, pottery, fish hooks, razors, bronze statues, cloth

Front 9

Aryans

Back 9

people from central Asia, who rode horses to herd cattle and sheep; around 1500 BC they began crossing the icy paths of the Hindu Kush mountains; word means noble one in Sanskrit

Front 10

Hindu Kush

Back 10

mountain range with icy passes in Indus River region

Front 11

Why did cities decline after 1600 B.C. (p.122)

Back 11

an earthquake may have caused floods that destroyed the cities or may have caused the course of the Indus River to change

Front 12

Migration

Back 12

to move from one place to another to live

Front 13

Hinduism

Back 13

one of the world's oldest religions that began with the Aryan invaders of India; one of Hinduism's key ideas is the belief that all living things are connected

Front 14

Vedas

Back 14

books of knowledge containing the basic beliefs of Hinduism, offering an explanation of life

Front 15

Rig Veda (p. 125)

Back 15

ancient Indian collection of Veda hymns

Front 16

Caste System

Back 16

a complex system that organizes all of India's Hindus into hundreds of groups and levels

Front 17

Priestly caste (Brahmins)

Back 17

caste with highest rank and respect, must study and teach people about the vedas

Front 18

Reincarnation

Back 18

the cycle of birth, death and rebirth

Front 19

Dharma

Back 19

includes hundreds of rules that teach Hindus how to live

Front 20

Outcastes (untouchables) (p. 127)

Back 20

lowest caste; people who married outside of their caste or did a job their job was not permitted to do

Front 21

Sanskrit

Back 21

ancient language of Hindu that holy books are written in

Front 22

Polytheism

Back 22

the belief in many gods

Front 23

Vishnu

Back 23

Hindu god that is considered the preserver

Front 24

Shiva

Back 24

Hindu god of time and destruction

Front 25

Devi

Back 25

Hindu god that is the mother of all creation

Front 26

Siddhartha Gautama

Back 26

ancient Indian religious leader, known as the buddha; founded Buddhism

Front 27

Buddah

Back 27

founder of Buddhism

Front 28

Monk

Back 28

a man who gives up all he owns and gives his life to his religion

Front 29

Karma

Back 29

a force caused by a person's good and bad acts

Front 30

Four Noble Truths

Back 30

Principle of Buddhism

1) life is filled with suffering

2) suffering is caused by wanting

3) if you stop wanting, you will end suffering

4) following the Eighthfold Path will make you stop wanting things

Front 31

Suffering (p.133)

Back 31

wanting things

Front 32

Eightfold Path

Back 32

a set of instructions on the proper way to live; by following this, the Buddha taught that people could end suffering in their lives

Front 33

Middle Way

Back 33

laws of the Eightfold Parth; rules that were not too hard or too easy to follow that led to happiness