2-Foot

Front 1

What is the state of the ankle in the standing erect foot?

Back 1

hyperextended

Front 2

How many tarsal bones are there? Name them.

Back 2

7
talus, calcaneus, navicular cuboid, 3 cuneiforms

Front 3

Describe the head of the first metatarsal.

Back 3

it has two small sesamoid bones on the plantar surface

Front 4

Describe the phalanges of the foot.

Back 4

rudimentary compared to the hand, in the 1st and 5th digit the second and third phalanges are fused

Front 5

What is the only muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

Back 5

extensor digitorum brev is

Front 6

What covers the muscles on the plantar surface?

Back 6

skin, plantar fascia and a very strong, thick plantar aponeurosis

Front 7

What is the action of the first layer of muscles on the plantar side?

Back 7

help maintain arch

Front 8

What is the action of the second layer of muscles on the plantar side? Which muscle do they assist?

Back 8

flexion of distal phalanges
assist flexor longus

Front 9

What is the action of the third layer of muscles on the plantar side? What is the action of its largest muscle?

Back 9

maintain position of sesamoid bones
-flexion of great toe

Front 10

Which tendons are present in the forth layer of the plantar side?

Back 10

peroneus longus and tibialis

Front 11

What is the action of the fourth layer of muscles on the plantar side?

Back 11

unimportant, may act as stirrup and assist in longitudinal arches of foot

Front 12

Name the nerves of the foot. Which nerve divides?

Back 12

medial and lateral plantar N, deep and superficial fibular, saphenous, sural
lateral plantar divides

Front 13

What does the medial plantar nerve supply?

Back 13

four intrinsic muscles of the foot and skin of the medial 3 1/2 toes

Front 14

What are the branches of the lateral plantar nerve? What does each supply?

Back 14

superficial-skin of lateral 1 1/2 toes and skin of lateral plantar surface
deep-intrinsic muscles of deep foot compartments

Front 15

Which nerve supplies the extensor digitorum brevis? What type of muscle is this?

Back 15

deep fibular
intrinsic muscle

Front 16

What does the cutaneous branch of the deep fibular nerve supply?

Back 16

skin between the great and second toe

Front 17

Which side of the foot does the saphenous nerve supply?

Back 17

medial

Front 18

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

Back 18

skin on dorsum of foot

Front 19

Which side of the foot does the sural nerve supply?

Back 19

lateral

Front 20

Which of the tibial arteries forms branches that accompany the plantar nerves?

Back 20

posterior tibial

Front 21

What artery does the anterior tibial artery continue as?

Back 21

dorsal artery of the foot (dorsalis pedis)

Front 22

Name the branches of the posterior tibial artery.

Back 22

medial and lateral plantar

Front 23

What does the medial plantar artery supply?

Back 23

great toe and medial skin

Front 24

Which vessels form the plantar arch? Between which muscle layers does the 3rd and 4th muscle layers lie?

Back 24

lateral plantar artery and dorsalis pedis artery
between 3rd and 4th layer

Front 25

What is the dorsal artery of the foot a continuation of? What does it become?

Back 25

anterior tibial
dorsal metatarsal artery to big toe and arcuate artery of the foot

Front 26

Which joints are involved in inversion/eversion?

Back 26

subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, transverse tarsal

Front 27

What is the articulation of the subtalar joint?

Back 27

talus and calcaneous

Front 28

Name the chief invertors of the foot.

Back 28

tibialis anterior and posterior

Front 29

Name the chief evertors of the foot.

Back 29

fibularis longus, brevis and tertius

Front 30

What is the articulation of joints involved w/ dorsiflexion/plantarflexion?

Back 30

between metatarsals and phalanges, adjoining phalanges

Front 31

Name the chief dorsiflexors of the foot.

Back 31

extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior

Front 32

Name the chief plantarflexors of the foot.

Back 32

flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Front 33

What is the action of intrinsic foot muscles?

Back 33

dorsiflex/extend phalanges or flex phalanges

Front 34

Name the anatomical features essential to arch support.

Back 34

shape of bones, ties connecting the bones (ligaments and short muscles), slings formed by tendons of long muscles

Front 35

Name the 2 longitudinal arches of the foot. Which is taller?

Back 35

medial and lateral
medial

Front 36

Which bones are involved in themedial longitudinal arch?

Back 36

calcaneus, talus, navicular 3 cuneiforms, 3 medial metatarsals, 3 medial digits

Front 37

Name the ligaments and short muscles that support the medial longitudinal arch.

Back 37

spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament
plantar aponeurosis
short muscles of medial foot

Front 38

Name the muscular slings of the medial longitudinal arch.

Back 38

tibialis posterior and anterior

Front 39

Name the bones that make up the lateral longitudinal arch.

Back 39

calcaneus, cuboid, 2 lateral metatarsals, 2 lateral digits

Front 40

Which ligaments and short muscles make up the lateral longitudinal arch?

Back 40

plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar)
long plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis
short muscle sof the lateral foot

Front 41

Which muscular suspension helps make up the lateral longitudinal arch?

Back 41

peroneus longus

Front 42

Name the bones of the transverse arch.

Back 42

cuneiform bones and cuboid

Front 43

Name the tendons of the transverse arch.

Back 43

fibularis longus and tibialis fopsterior

Front 44

Which ligament is most responsible for maintenance of the medial longitudinal arch?

Back 44

plantar calcaneonavicular or spring ligament

Front 45

What happens when the pring ligament fails?

Back 45

head of talus falls and pushes aside the calcaneus and navicular bones wher it comes to rest on soft tissue

Front 46

Where can the dorsal artery of the foot be palpated?

Back 46

tendons of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

Front 47

Continuous overloading of the plantar aponeurosis leading to inflammation, pain and swelling is referred to as what?

Back 47

plantar fasciitus