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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eukaryotic Cells
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membrane bound organelles & nucleus
true nucleus containing genetic material. Contain membrane bound organelles. |
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Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
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What kingdom are the eukaryotic cells in?
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Cytoskeleton
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Network of fibers that form a dynamic framework for support and movement.
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cytoskeleton
microfilaments/actin filaments intermediate filaments microtubules organelles nucleus nucleolus E.R. Smooth E.R. Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria |
What's in the eukaryotic cells.
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Microtubules
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Form cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
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Organelles
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Specialized structures that perform specific functions. Sequester reactions.
Many contain folded membranes (increase surface area) |
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Nucleus
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Spherical or oval, contains DNA
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Nuclear Envelope/Membrane
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Double membrane perforated by pores. Maintains nuclear shape and regulates transport in and out of the nucleus.
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Nucleolus
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One or more spherical bodies within the nuclear envelope.
Functions in the synthesis of RNA. |
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Rough E.R.
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Studded with ribosomes. Site for synthesis of secretory proteins and membrane molecules.
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Smooth E.R.
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Lack ribosomes
synthesizes: Phospholipids Fats Steroids |
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Ribosomes
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Formed of 2 subunits: 60s and 40s
Free __________: suspended in the cytoplasm Bound _________: attached to ER Sites of protein synthesis. |
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Golgi Apparatus
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Flattened sacs, stacked on one another.
Receive and modify products from the ER. Packages products in vehicles: Transport, Secretory, and Storage. |
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Lysosomes
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stomach of cell
Membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes. Function in phagocytosis, Recycling cells own organic material If the leak out, the cell will die Programmed cell destruction |
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Lysosomal storage disease
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Lysosomes lack one of the hydrolytic enzymes.
eg. Tay-sachs disease: lack enzyme to digest lipid. Excess lipid accumulates and damages brain cells. |
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Mitochondria
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"power house of the cell"
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Mitochondria
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Inner membrane folds into cristae
Sites of cellular respiration (ATP production) |
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semipermeable/selectively permeable
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What is the name for the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
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Passive
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis Osmoregulation Channel proteins gated channels Active transport |
What are the modes of transport for eukaryotic cells?
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Transport
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The movement of materials across the plasma membrane.
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Passive transport
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Does not require energy from the cell.
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Simple diffusion
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Molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
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Facilitated diffusion
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A carrier protein combines with a specific substance and moves it across the membrane.
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Osmosis
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The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. (water moves from a higher to a lower concentration of water)
Water moves toward a region of higher solute (dissolved substance) concentration. |
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Osmoregulation
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The control of water balance
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Isotonic
Hypertonic Hypotonic Plasmoptysis plasmolysis |
What are the types of solutions in eukaryotic cells?
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Isotonic
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Concentration of dissolved substances are the same inside and outside the cell. No net flow of water.
same inside as outside |
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Hypertonic
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above/exceeding
high solute concentration more dissolved solution in environment than in cell. |
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Hypotonic
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lower/below
Low solute concentration outside in environment |
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Plasmoptysis
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Osmotic lysis
Bursting of a cell in a hypotonic solution becuase water moves into the cell. |
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Plasmolysis
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Shrinkage of the cytoplasm due to loss of water in a hypertonic solution
happens because water leaves cell. |
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Channel proteins
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Proteins which form channels through the membrane allowing passsage of certain molecules
gated channels: some can act as "gates" that open and close. |
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gated channels:
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some can act as "gates" that open and close.
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Active Transport
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Can move substances against their concentration gradient.
Requires that the cell expend energy (ATP) eg. Sodium-Potassium pump |
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Endocytosis
Exocytosis |
What do eukaryotic cells use for transportation of large particles?
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Endocytosis
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Bringing it into the cell.
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
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Exocytosis
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Vacuole fuses with plasma membrane & expels contents from cell.
brings particles out of cell. |
