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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Purpose of DNA replication
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creates two chromatids in chromosomes to prepare for cell division
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Helicase
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Enzyme that splits and unwinds the double stranded DNA
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RNA polymerase
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Synthesizes RNA primer
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DNA polymerase (2 functions)
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1. Adds short lengths of complementing nucleotides to RNA primer
2. Removes RNA primer, replaces with DNA |
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Okazaki fragments
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Fragments on lagging strand
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DNA ligase
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Joins fragments together into longer strands
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What happens on leading strand during DNA replication?
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Synthesized continuously by DNA polymerase in 5' to 3' direction
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Why is DNA replication semi-conservative?
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Each DNA molecule replicated has one NEW strand + one OLD strand conserved from parent DNA molecule.
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What are nucleosomes?
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8 histone proteins wrapped around by DNA.
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2 functions of nucleosome?
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1. Package DNA during mitosis & meiosis by supercoiling
2. Mark particular genes to promote gene expression by transcription & translation or silence it by preventing transcription |
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What are INTRONS?
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Sequences of bases that are transcribed but NOT translated.
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What are EXONS?
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Sequences of bases that are transcribed AND translated.
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