2. Cells And Functions

Front 1

Endergonic Reactions

Back 1

1. Energy input required
a. product has more energy than starting substances

Front 2

Exergonic Reactions

Back 2

1. energy is released
a. products have less energy than starting substances

Front 3

ATP

Back 3

cells earn ATP in exergonic reactions

Front 4

Electron Transfers

Back 4

1. arrangement of enzymes, coenzymes, at cell membrane

Front 5

Concentration Gradienst

Back 5

1. means the number of molecules or ions in one region is different than the # in another region
2. when other forces are not there , the substance moves from a region where it is more concentration to one with less concentration "down gradient"

Front 6

Diffusion

Back 6

the net movement of like molecules or ions down a concentration gradient

Front 7

Factors influencingenzyme activity

Back 7

1. cofactors
a. coenzymes
b. metal ions

Front 8

Transport PRoteins

Back 8

1. span the lipid bulayer
2. change shape when they interact with a solute
4. play roles in active and passive transport

Front 9

Passive transport

Back 9

flow of soluted DOWn concentration gradient w. no energy input

Front 10

Active transport

Back 10

against concentration gradient with energy (ATP)

Front 11

Osmosis

Back 11

1. diffusion of water molecules across a semipermiable membrane
2. direction of net flow is determined by water concentration gradient
3. side w. most solute molecules has lowest water concentration

Front 12

tonicity

Back 12

1. relative solute concentration of 2 fluids
a. hypertonic-having more solutes
b. isotonic-having same amount of solutes
c. hypotonic-having fewer solutes