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4 Cards in this Set
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Political conditionality 1 |
Development aid is tied to certain political conditions; a strategy of democracy promotion |
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Political conditionality 2 |
1) Based on the idea that poverty is fought more effectively in certain political environment. 2) Aid is broken off for human rights violations, bad governance, ethnic discrimination, acts of war 3) Critics point out that it leaves needy and ailing groups vulnerable and unsupported. 4) The most relevant example -- EU's Copenhagen criteria (1993), which proved to be very effective in pushing democratization of post-Communist countries. |
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Failed state 1 |
A state that has lost most of its ability to monopolize violence or provide public services. Definitions vary, but it may have lost control of its territory, the legitimate authority to make collective decisions, and the ability to interact with other states as a full member of the international community. |
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Failed state 2 |
Fukuyama describes governance along two axes: capacity and autonomy. 1) Low autonomy and low capacity leads to state failure (Sierra Leone, Somalia) 2) High capacity and autonomy is authoritarianism (China, Singapore) 3) High autonomy and low capacity (Russia, Iran) State is ineffectual, limiting development, which may provoke public unrest 4) Low autonomy and high capacity (US, Belgium) Danger is that the state may be unable to develop new policies or response to new challenges owing to the power of organized opposition |
