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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of local signaling |
Direct contact Cell-cell recognition Paracrine signaling Synaptic signaling |
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Direct contact |
Gap junctions |
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Cell-cell recognition example |
Glycoprotein binging to receptor example |
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Paracrine signaling |
Not directly in contact but very close |
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Synaptic signaling |
Neurotransmitters |
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Type long-distance signaling |
Endocrine signaling |
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3 stages of cell signaling |
Reception Transduction Cellular response |
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Types of plasma membrane receptors |
G protein-coupled receptors Receptor tyrosine kinases Ion channel receptors |
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G protein-coupled receptors |
receptors are proteins/chains of amino acids |
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channels |
Receptors that contain a region that acts as a "gate" |
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Signaling molecule binding sites lead to |
Transmembrane domains (usually 7 or 12) |
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Step 1 of G protein-coupled receptors |
Inactive G protein has GDP |
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Step 2 of G protein-coupled receptors |
Activation of receptor by interaction with G protein GDP replaced by GTP |
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Step 3 of G protein-coupled receptors |
Protein moves along lipid bilayer and binds to enzyme, activating it |
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Step 4 of G protein-coupled receptors |
GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP |
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Step 1 of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases |
Receptor tyrosine kinase proteins are two inactive monomers
Ligand-binding site is open
α helix in the membrane |
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Step 2 of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases |
Signaling molecule enters ligand-binding site Dimer (2 subunits) is formed ATP is involved |
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Step 3 of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases |
ATP phosphorylates tyrosine kinase regions and fully activates receptor tyrosine kinase Pi bonds to tyrosine |
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Step 4 of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases |
Inactive relay proteins become active when bound to tyrosine |
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Step 1 of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels |
Closed form |
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Step 2 of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels |
Open form
Signaling molecule (ligand) binds to site and opens the gate Ions cause cellular response |
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Step 3 of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels |
Gate closes again |
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Reversibility |
Binding is reversible in each receptor case |
