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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gastrovascular cavities |
In animals that lack a distinct circulatory system Ex. cnidarians (jellyfish), flatworms |
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Function of gastrovascular cavities |
Digestion and distribution of substances |
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Purpose of circulatory systems |
Minimizes the diffusion distance of substances Distributes nutrients, hormones, gases |
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Basic components of a circulatory system |
Circulatory fluid (blood) Interconnecting vessels A pump (heart) |
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Circulatory fluid in open circylatory system |
Hemolymph |
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Open circulatory system |
One or more hearts Circulatory vessels connected do sinuses |
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Organisms with open circulatory system |
Arthropods Most molluscs |
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Circulatory fluid in closed circulatory system |
Blood |
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Closed circulatory system |
One or more hearts Blood confined to circulatory cessels |
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Organisms with closed circulatory systems |
All vertebrates Annelids |
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Direction of bloodflow |
Heart Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Veules Veins |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from heart |
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Arterioles |
Where blood enters |
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Capillaries |
Site of chemical exchange |
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Venules |
Where blood exits |
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Veins |
Return blood to heart |
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Atria |
Receive blood entering heart |
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Ventricles |
Pump blood out of heart |
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Process through heart |
Lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Throughout the body Inferior or Superior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Lungs |
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Single circulation |
2 chambered heart Gas exchange at the gills |
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Double circulation |
4 chambered heart |
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Right side of heart in double circulation |
Pumps blood to gas exchange tissues Pulmonary circuit Palmocutaneous circuit |
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Palmocutaneous circuit |
Amphibians exchanging gas through skin |
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Left side of heart in double circulation |
Pumps blood to body's organs and tissues Systemic circuit |
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Types of semilunar valves |
Aortic valve Pulmonary valve |
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Type of atrioventricular valves |
Mitrovalve Tricuspid |
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Types of valves |
Atrioventricular valve Semilunar valve |
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Cardiac cycle |
Systole Diastole |
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Systole |
Contraction phase (pumping) |
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Diastole |
Relaxation phase (filling) |
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Shortest part of cardiac cycle |
Atrial systole and ventricular diastole |
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Longest part of cardiac cycle |
Atrial and ventricular diastole |
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Two factors of cariac output |
Heart rate Stroke volume |
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Stroke volume |
How much blood leaves per beat |
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Sinoatrial node |
Sets rate and timing of heart contractions In right atrium Electrical signal begins here |
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Atrioventricular node |
Delays impulse spread by 0.1s before spreading to ventricles Gives enough time to allow blood to enter ventricles |
