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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define antigen and epitope
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a. Antigen
i. Most are proteins or large polysaccharides from a foreign organism ii. Lipids and nucleic acids are only antigenic when combined with proteins or polysaccharides 2. Epitope a. Small part of an antigen that interacts with an antibody b. Any given antigen may have several epitopes iii. Each epitope is recognized by a different antibody |
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Recognize the antigen and complement protein binding site on a immunoglobulin
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Variable sites at end of Y's arms binds antigenFc region at stem - binds to complement or cells
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What is immunoglobulin isotype switching?
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a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of antibody from one class to another, for example, from an isotype called IgM to an isotype called IgG.
During this process, the constant region portion of the antibody heavy chain is changed, but the variable region of the heavy chain stays the same (the terms "constant" and "variable" refer to changes or lack thereof between antibodies that target different epitopes). Since the variable region does not change, class switching does not affect antigen specificity. Instead, the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens, but can interact with different effector molecules. |
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List the different immunoglobulin types, where located and their fxs
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IgG Blood, lymph, intestine
IgM Blood, lymph, B cell surface (monomer) IgA Blodd, lymph, Secretions IgE Blood, mast cells and basophils IgG mono enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes viruses IgM penta first antibodies produced; monomer on blood cell surface IgA dimer mucosal protection, infant GI tract immunity IgE mono allergic rxn, worms IgG agg + neutr, compl act opsoniz, protect fetus serum, intracellular IgM agg + neutr, compl act IgA agg + neutr IgE histamine rel fr: basophils + mast cells IgD unknown |
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What is opsinization and its mechanism?
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a. Coats antigen w/antibody to enh phagocytosis
b. IgG-Fab binds epitopes of capsule c. IgG-Fc portion binds capsule d. Once attached to the phagocyte by way of IgG, the encapsulated bacterium can be engulfed more efficiently |
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2. Explain the mechanism of a inflamatory response
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a. Circulation to the site increases è tissue warm, red and swollen
b. WBCs leak into tissues è phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria The release of histamine and prostaglandin causes local vessel dilation resulting in: More WBCs to site Increased blood flow è redness and warmth Increased capillary permeability Phagocytes move out of vessels into intracellular fluid (ICF) Edema (swelling) due to fluids seeping from capillaries |
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Q 1. Antibodies are also known as __________.
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Immunoglobulins
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Q2. The ability to produce billions of different antibodies in humans results from:
A. The presence of billions of complete antibody genes in B cells B. The fact that both T cells and B cells contain antibody genes C. The production of variable regions of light and heavy antibody genes by DNA rearrangement |
The production of variable regions of light and heavy antibody genes by DNA rearrangement yep, both; constant region altered for different response for same antigen
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Q4. Allergies result from the production of ______ directed against an antigen. IgE (allergEE)
A. IgG B. IgA C. IgM D. IgE |
IgE
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Q5. Release of ________ from ___________ cells cause vasodilation of blood vessels near site of injury, and results in ________ moving from the blood circulation to site of injury.
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Histamine, mast cells, phagocytes
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