2-1: Anatomy - 1/21: Chewing, Swallowing, Phonation

Front 1

Where does the temporal bone articulate with the mandible? Via what structure?

Back 1

Mandibular Condyle (head) via ARTICULAR disk

Front 2

Where does the temporalis muscle attach on the mandible?

Back 2

Coronoid Process

Front 3

What motions of the mandible are achieved via the temporomandibular joint?

Back 3

Protrusion, Retrusion
Elevation, Depression

Front 4

In what position is the TMJ normally disarticulated?

Back 4

Protruded position (easily caught in forward position)

Front 5

Back 5

Front 6

Attachments of masseter.

Action?

Innervation?

Back 6

Masseter: zygomatic arch-->mandibular angle

Action: Jaw elevation

Innervation: V3

Front 7

Attachments of digastric.

Action?

Innervation?

Back 7

Digastric:

Posterior belly: Mastoid-->Hyoid
Anterior belly: Hyoid-->Mandible

Action: Jaw DEPRESSION

Innervation:
Posterior Belly: Facial (VII)
Anterior Belly: V3

Front 8

Attachments of temporalis.

Action?

Innervation?

Back 8

Temporalis: parietal-->coronoid process

Action: Elevation AND Retrusion

Innervation: V3

Front 9

Attachments of lateral pterygoid.

Action?

Innervation?

Back 9

Lat pterygoid: Sphenoid-->Mandibular condyle

Action: Protrusion

Innervation: V3

Front 10

Attachments of mylohyoid.

Action?

Innervation?

Back 10

Hyoid-->Mandible

Action: depresses mandible

Innervation: V3

Front 11

Action of medial pterygoid.

Innervation?

Back 11

Medial Pterygoid: elevation (mainly) and protrusion

V3

Front 12

Attachment of geniohyoid.

Action?

Innervation?

Back 12

Mandible-->Hyoid

Action: Depresses mandible

Innervation: C1

Front 13

Action of infrahyoid muscles.

Innervation?

Back 13

Stabilize hyoid

Ansa Cervicalis C1-C3

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Front 30

During mastication, what movements are required for jaw opening?

What muscles convey these movements?

Back 30

Jaw opening:

Depression: digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid; infrahyoid mm stabilize hyoid

Lateral movement TOWARD working side: lateral pterygoid on balancing side (unilateral protrusion)

Front 31

During mastication, what movements are required for jaw closing?

What muscles convey these movements?

Back 31

Jaw closing:

Elevation: temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid (occurs bilaterally; high force transmitted through mandibular symphysis)

Lateral movement toward balancing side:
1) Closing stroke: posterior temporalis on balancing side (unilateral retrusion)

2) Power stroke: medial and lateral pterygoid on working side

Front 32

Innervation of pharyngeal constrictors?

Action?

Back 32

Innervation: Vagus

Action: Swallowing

Front 33

Describe the 4 stages of swallowing. Be sure to include:
1) Voluntary vs Involuntary
2) Speed

Back 33

1) Voluntary and slow: tongue pushes bolus back against hard palate, passes into oropharynx

2) Involuntary and fast: soft palate elevates, seals off nasopharynx, larynx moves up and forward, Epiglottis closes

3) Involuntary and fast: pharyngeal constrictors contract to produce "explosive" swallowing, food forced down into esophagus
4) Explosive swallowing cont'd: Bolus moves down esophagus by peristalsis

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Front 50

What is the posterior attachment of the vocal folds?

Back 50

Arytenoid Cartilage

Front 51

Action of cricothyroid muscle?

Back 51

Rotates thyroid cartilage about cricothyroid joint ANTERIORLY to put vocal folds at higher tension (achieves higher pitch)

Front 52

How is higher pitch achieved?

Back 52

Increase tension of vocal folds by rotating thyroid cartilage ANTERIORLY about cricothyroid joint via CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE

Front 53

What muscles are required for abduction of the vocal cords?

What is abduction necessary for?

Back 53

Posterior cricoarytenoid m

For breathing

Front 54

What muscles are required for adduction of the vocal folds?

What is adduction necessary for?

Back 54

Rotation: Lateral cricoarytenoid m
Sliding: Transverse arytenoid, Oblique arytenoid

Phonation

Front 55

How is a low pitch achieved?

Back 55

Vocal cords relax via Thyroarytenoid muscle and Vocalis

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