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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties. |
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Major Elements |
98.5% of body weight - Oxygen (O) - 65% Carbon (C) - 18% Hydrogen (H) - 10% Nitrogen (N) - 3% Calcium (Ca) - 1.5% Phosphorus (P) - 1% |
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Lesser Elements |
0.8% of body weight - Sulfur (S) - 0.25% Potassium (K) - 0.2% Sodium (Na) - 0.15% Chlorine (Cl) - 0.15% Magnesium (Mg) - 0.05% Iron (Fe) - 0.006% |
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Trace Elements |
The 12 elements that make up only 0.7% of your body weight - Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (M0) Cobalt (Co) Selenium (Se) Copper (Cu) Silicon (Si) Fluorine (F) Tin (Sn) Iodine (I) Vanadium (V) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) |
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Minerals |
Inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans and other organisms. |
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Atom |
The smallest component of an element that still has the properties of an element that still has the properties of that element. |
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Nucleus |
At the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons. |
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Protons |
Located in the nucleus; positive charge. |
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Neutrons |
Located in the nucleus; no charge. |
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Electrons |
Tiny particles with a single negative charge and very low mass. Orbit the nucleus. |
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Valence Electrons |
The elements in the outermost shell; they determine the chemical bonding properties of an atom. |
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Isotopes |
All elements have two or more varieties called _______, which differ from each other only in number of neutrons. iso = same top = place (same position in the periodic table) |
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Radioactivity |
When isotopes are unstable and decay to more stable isotopes by giving off radiation. |
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Radioisotopes |
Unstable isotopes; every element has at least one. |
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Ionizing Radiation |
Radiation that produces ions as it passes through matter. |
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Ions |
Charged particles with unequal numbers of protons and electrons. |
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Anion |
A negatively charged ion. |
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Cation |
A positively charged ion. |
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Electrolytes |
Salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity. |
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Free Radicals |
Chemical particles with an odd number of electrons. |
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Antioxidants |
Chemicals that neutralize free radicals, including selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids. |
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Molecules |
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent bond. |
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Compounds |
Molecules composed of two or more different elements. |
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Isomers |
Molecules with identical formulae but different arrangements of their atoms. iso = same mers = parts |
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Ionic Bond |
The attraction of a cation to an anion. They are weak and easily dissociate in the presence of something more attractive, like water. |
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Covalent Bond |
A bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond |
A covalent bond in which there is equal sharing of the bonding pair of electrons. |
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Polar Covalent Bond |
A covalent bond in which the bonding pair of electrons is shared unequally by the two atoms, giving each atom a partial positive or negative charge. |
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Hydrogen Bond |
A type of intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom covalently bonded in one molecule is attracted to a nonmetal atom in a neighboring molecule. Weakest of all bonds; easily disrupted by temperature and pH changes. |
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Solvent |
The substance that dissolves another substance (solute) to form a solution; usually present in a larger amount than the solute. |
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Solute |
The substance that is dissolved in another substance (solvent) to form a solution; usually present in a small amount than the solvent. |
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Hydrophilic |
Substances that dissolve in water. hydro = water philic = loving, attracted to |
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Hydrophobic |
Substance that does not dissolve in water. hydro = water phobic = fearing , avoiding |
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Adhesion |
The tendency to cling to surfaces such as tissue membrane. |
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Cohesion |
Water exhibits _______, an attraction of its molecules to each other. |
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Calorie |
The amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1 gram of water 1° C. (cal) calor = heat |
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Kilocalorie |
One thousand calories; also known as 1 dietary Calorie (with a capital C). (kcal) |
