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319 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the CFTEP used for?
to plan develop manage and conduct an effective and efficient career field training program.
Name the four types of training that CFTEP focuses
IQT-
QT
UGT
CONTINUATION TRAINING
What type of training does the formal resident course at Keesler AFB provide
IQT- inital skills training
An increase in force readiness above that required for normal readiness
DEFCON 3
a normal state of readiness
Defcon 5
an increased intelligence watch and strengthened security measures
DEFCON 4
an increase in force readiness, but less then maximum readiness
DEFCON 2
What are the three levels of air defense warnings
yellow
red
white
what warning is used when an attack by hostile aircraft is imminent
Red
what is the exercise term for air defense warning conditon yellow
lemonjuice
what is the normal warning condition in effect when the system is operating under the readiness condition ADE
WHITE (Snowman)
Who implements SCATANA in the NORAD environment
commander of Norad
why does the faa direct that all fixed electronics devices are shut down under SCATANA
So the enemy is denied use of their homing devices to reach target areas
how do friendly interceptor aircraft identify themselves when operating the cleared area
Transmitting IFF/SIFF Codes
when is ESCAT implemented
when emergency conditions exist that threaten national security but dont warrant the declaration of ADE or the control of navigational aids
name the AF publication that serves as a training contract between aetc and our 1c5x1 functional managers
STS- Specialty training Standard
what skill level is awarded after the successful completion of tech school
3- apprentice
once you are qualified in an acnw duty position and upon completeion of your cdcs what skill level are you awarded
5-journeyman
what is the afsc of an acnw journeyman
1C551
what is the afsc of an acnw superintendant
1C591
Bearing 295
NW
Bearing 240
SW
Bearing 135
SE
Bearing 360
True North
Bearing 030
NE
Spell 100degrees, 95 miles
one zero zero, ninety five
Spell 30degrees, 125miles
zero three zero, one hundred twenty five
Spell 1degree, 30 miles
zero zero one, thirty
Spell 270degrees, 10 miles
two seven zero, ten
what reference lines are used to determine latitude and longitude
prime meridian and the equator
How many lines of latitude and longitude are there
180 longitude
90 latitude
why is lat n long always read from the lower to higher
because they are expressed as distance from the equator to the prime meridian
what is the size in degrees of a major georef block
15 degrees
how are major georef blocks identified
start at 180th meridian n move east, letter each 15 degree longtitude or vertical row with a latter from a-z (no O or I).
2nd letter- start at 90degree south latitude and go north, identify each row from A-M
how are georef cordinates read
from bottom left to right then bottom to top
size in degrees and nm, minor georef block
1 degree, 60 nm
what units are numerical georef broken down into
minutes
in georef which is reported first, lat or long
longitude
FJEG3035
FJ?
EG?
30?
35?
FG=MAJOR
EG=MINOR
30=Longitude mins
35=latitude mins
what size zones does mgrs divide the earth surface and how are these zones designated?
earth divided into narrow zones six degrees of longitude in width beginning at the 180degree meridian and going east, each column is lettered alphabetically using the letters a-z. each letter repeated every 18 degrees.
how are 100,000 meter mgrs squares designated
with 2 letters a-z starting at the meridian and going east, each divided into 6degrees
in the 100 meter mgrs square cordinate 142653, what does each digit mean
1 and 6= 10,000
4 and 5= 1000
2 and 3=100
what phase of mission planning/ATO cycle are targets nominated to support the objectives and priorities provided by the JFC
Target Developement
what list provides the basis for weaponeering assessment activities
JIPTL
what phase of mission planning/ato cycle evaluates combat operations effectiveness to achieve command objectives and provides the inputs for future target development
combat assestment
who submits disums to a national level
combattant commands
when is the disum most effective
early in the operational period when decisions being made are good for 24 hours
what is usually the effective time of the ato
24 hours
what are the 3 atos that exist
today, tomorrow, following day
ato in execution
ato in production
ato in planning
how do we use the ato to assist the airspace identification misson
iff codes and specific positions
how are 100,000 meter mgrs squares designated
with 2 letters a-z starting at the meridian and going east, each divided into 6degrees
in the 100 meter mgrs square cordinate 142653, what does each digit mean
1 and 6= 10,000
4 and 5= 1000
2 and 3=100
what phase of mission planning/ATO cycle are targets nominated to support the objectives and priorities provided by the JFC
Target Developement
what list provides the basis for weaponeering assessment activities
JIPTL
what phase of mission planning/ato cycle evaluates combat operations effectiveness to achieve command objectives and provides the inputs for future target development
combat assestment
who submits disums to a national level
combattant commands
when is the disum most effective
early in the operational period when decisions being made are good for 24 hours
what is usually the effective time of the ato
24 hours
what are the 3 atos that exist
today, tomorrow, following day
ato in execution
ato in production
ato in planning
how are 100,000 meter mgrs squares designated
with 2 letters a-z starting at the meridian and going east, each divided into 6degrees
how do we use the ato to assist the airspace identification misson
iff codes and specific positions
in the 100 meter mgrs square cordinate 142653, what does each digit mean
1 and 6= 10,000
4 and 5= 1000
2 and 3=100
what phase of mission planning/ATO cycle are targets nominated to support the objectives and priorities provided by the JFC
Target Developement
what list provides the basis for weaponeering assessment activities
JIPTL
what phase of mission planning/ato cycle evaluates combat operations effectiveness to achieve command objectives and provides the inputs for future target development
combat assestment
who submits disums to a national level
combattant commands
when is the disum most effective
early in the operational period when decisions being made are good for 24 hours
what is usually the effective time of the ato
24 hours
what are the 3 atos that exist
today, tomorrow, following day
ato in execution
ato in production
ato in planning
how do we use the ato to assist the airspace identification misson
iff codes and specific positions
what part of the ato highlights modifies or suppliments mission data contained in other parts of the ato
SPINS
what timing cycle is the aco based
ato cycle
what are the 2 lanes that are set up in the aco for aircraft entering n exiting the AOR
INGRESS-ENTER
ENGRESS-EXIT
who is the final authority for the roe in theater
JFC
on what is the roe based
premises of self defense
why are roe restrictive during peacetime
to prevent the shootdown of friendly air craft
what document provides the info necessary to plan develop manage and conduct an effective 1C5X1 career field training program
cftep
in what part of the career field education and training plan cftep is the specialty training standard found
part 2
what air force specialty code skill level must you attain to be eligible for promotion to ssgt
5 level
a 3 level acnw operator carries the title of a
apprentice
what identifies special experience and training NOT otherwise identified within the personal data system

SEI
AFSC
AFSC prefix
afsc suffix
SEI
what is the uniform system of five progressive readiness conditions
DEFCONS
Which defense readiness condition (defcon) requires an increase in force readiness above that required for normal readiness
DEFCON 3
which DEFCON indicates all forces are ready for wartime
defcon 1
when an attack is upon continental us, or canada by hostile a/c is considered probable, imminent, or taking place, the commander of the north american aerospace defense command (NORAD) declares an...
ADE.. air defense emergency
air defense warnings indicate..
degree of probability that an airborne attack will be made against the aerospace defense area
ATC electronic devices are turned off to deny their use as homing devices by the enemy when...
SCANTATA is implemented
any unidentified targets detected in a cleared area under the conditions of a security of air traffic and nav aids ( SCATANA) will be...
presumen to be hostile and subject to prompt interception
which of the cardinal directions bears 110
southeast
060 degrees and 135 miles
zero six zero, one hundred thirty five
the reference lines by which lat n long are determined
equator and prime meridian, respectively
size of major GEOREF block
15degrees
size of minor GEOREF square
1 degree
the rows in GEOREF blocks are numbered from
00-59
the MGRS is read from
left to right, then up
what size is MGRS square represented by the cordinates 17R DJ
100,000 METERS
what size mgrs square is represented by 13 E DH 1427
1000 meters
during what phase do targeting personnel quantify the expected results of lethan and non lethan weapons employment against prioritized targets
weaponering/allocation
who submits daily DISUM to the national level
combattant commands
how many diff ATOs are there at a given time
3
who is the final authority for a theater where ROE is concerned
JFC
what is the normal mission of an intercept during peacetime rules of ROE
ID-identify
The energy transmitted by a radar sensor through the atmosphere or space
A radio wave
Define a radio wave
The energy transmitted by a radar sensor through the atmosphere or space
what is the part of the radio wave that bounces back to the antenna
an echo or return
identify the brain of the radar system, why is that so
syncronizer, because it coordinates the operation of various parts of the radar
explain the function of the modulator
provides an extremely large very short square wave pulse of DC voltage to the transmitter
what provides an extremely large very short square wave pulse of DC voltage to the transmitter
modulator
what is the antennas purpose during transmission
concentrate teh radiated energy into a shaped beam that points in the desired direction into space
what device allows a single antenna to both transmit and recieve
the duplexer
what component of the radar separates wanted from unwanted signals
the receiver
Define PRF
number of times the radar transmits per second
number of times the radar transmits per second
PRF
Define PRT
Length of time between transmissions
the length of time between transmissions
PRT
WHAT IS THE PULSE DOPPLER RADAR
similar to a modulated pulse radar, but its receiver detes a shift or change of frwquence of the received signal (doppler shift) to distinguish between stationary and moving objects.
similar to a modulated pulse radar, but its receiver detes a shift or change of frwquence of the received signal (doppler shift) to distinguish between stationary and moving objects.
pulse doppler radar
how are airborne radars able to distinguish targets from ground returns
because the doppler shift is produced only by moving targets and not stationary.
how does a phased array radar move the radar beam
P-A antenna electronically steers the beam. the beam can be swept across the antennas both horizontallu m verticaly
what type of iff/siff transponders do we use today
mark XII
How many modes and codes, who uses them
7.
1,2,4 MIL
1-army navy
2-all
4-controlled by af
3a/c joint by mil and faa
b/d civil use only
what mode is used by air force to identify a/c based on squadron and tail number
mode 2
what is the diff between mode 3 and mode a
NADA
What info is provided by mode C
altitude
how is the iff/siff interrogation a questioning process
interrogation means to question, the interrogator will send out asking what is your code and transponder will send out a mode if asked
why are the iff sif pulses transmitted after the radar pulses
so that the iffsiff return is presented at a slightly dif range then the radar return
what is interlacing
to interrogate a different mode each prt, all modes can be easily interrogates as the antenna sweeps past an aircraft
list the three mode 3A emergencys
7500-hijack
7600-lost of communications
7700-general emer
how id mode 4 different
encrypted interrogation and response and helps tell the difference between friend and potentially hostile
what is special pilot identification or SPI
special pilot identification! obtain a special display from the pilot of an a/c, to request sqack flash or ident, pulot responds by turning on a switch on the transponder to flash.
how can iff sif be useful for detection and tracking
iff sif signal is usually stronger then the radar signal. if iff sif missing, the return that is present can be used to track the target
what frequency range does the arsr4 operate
1215-1400 mhz
how does the arsr4 radar increase weather processing capabilities
has a completely seperate weather channel and processing path apart from target channels
where have arsr 4 radars been installed
around conus, guam hawaii, guantanamo bay, cuba
what is the total number of waveguide radiators that transmit on the tps 75
22
what speed does the tps 75 radar rotate
6.5 rpm
on tps75 whats the minnimum n max distance from radar shelter to the antenna pallet
7-21ft
what is the altitude limit of fps 117
100,000ft
how many frequencies can be set for fps117 for long range detection
canada iceland us
what system across alaska canada uses the fps124
north warning system
altitude for fps 124
15000ft
how many reportable tracks per scan can be the fps124 process and forward
20
primary function of the fps124
short range, fills gaps in coverage of existing ps117 radars along nws.
RARAR!... radio:
detection and ranging
what aspect of the target can radar not determine
type
which radar component allows a single antenna to serve for transmitting and receiving
DUPLEXER
The radars antennas function during transmission is to
concentrate the radiated energy into a shaped beam that points in the desired direction into space
the radars antennas function during reception is to
collect the energy contained in the echo signal and deliver it to the receiver
the number of times the radar transmits per second is known as the
PRF
what is the principle used in radar to detet a target by analyzing a change in frequency of a return signal
doppler shift
what has many small antennas or slotted waveguides positioned on the face or side of the large wedge shaped structure
phased arrar radar
how many id, iff sif modes of operation are there
7
the id iff sif provides automatic reporting of aircraft altitude is
C
the mode of id, iff sif interrogation is controlled by
spacing of two pulses generated by the transponder
the id/iff.sif pulses are transmitted after the radar pulse so
they do not interfer with each other
which id/iff/sif codes are fixed for each airframe
mode 2
which id iff sif codes are generated by an altimeter
mode C
what does id iff sif mode 3/A code 7500 mean
hijack
7600
lost communications
7700
emergency
which id iff sif mode enables operators to distinguinsh between friendly and potentionally hostile a/c
mode 4
why might you receive an id, iff sif return from a target and not a radar return
when the iff sif return is stronger then the radar return
The energy transmitted by a radar sensor through the atmosphere or space
A radio wave
Define a radio wave
The energy transmitted by a radar sensor through the atmosphere or space
what is the part of the radio wave that bounces back to the antenna
an echo or return
identify the brain of the radar system, why is that so
syncronizer, because it coordinates the operation of various parts of the radar
explain the function of the modulator
provides an extremely large very short square wave pulse of DC voltage to the transmitter
what provides an extremely large very short square wave pulse of DC voltage to the transmitter
modulator
what is the antennas purpose during transmission and reception
concentrate teh radiated energy into a shaped beam that points in the desired direction into space
what device allows a single antenna to both transmit and recieve
the duplexer
what component of the radar separates wanted from unwanted signals
the receiver
Define PRF
number of times the radar transmits per second
why might you receive an id iff siff return from a target and not a radar return
when the iff return is stronger then the radar return
which id iff sif mode enables operators to tell the difference btwteen friendly and potentionally hostile ac
mode 4
7500
hijack
7600
lost of com
7700
emergency
which id iff sif codes are generated by an altimeter
MODE C
which id iff sif coded are fixed for each airframe
MODE 2
which id iff sif codes can be selected by an a/c pilot
mode 3/c
the id iff sif pulses are transmitted after a radar pulse so
the iff/sif return can be presented at a slightly different range then the radar retrurn
the mode of id iff sif interrogation is controlled by
spacing of the two pulses generated by the transponder
what frequency range does the air route surveillance radar model arsr 4 operate in
1215 to 1400 mhz
how does the air routesurveillance radar model arsr 4 increase its weather processing capabilities
incorporating a completely separate weather channel and processing path
what radar system is used in mobile applications
tps75
what is the range of the tps 75 radar antenna
240nm
the fps 117 can frequency hop up to how many preset frequencies
18
what is the altitude limit of the fps-124
15,000ft
altitude limit of fps 117
100,000ft
what type of air mass is associated with WASHINGTON STATE
Maritime Polar
MISSISSIPPI
Maritime Tropical
WEST TEXAS
Continental tropical
SOUTHERN CALI
Maritime tropical
WISCONSIN
Continental Polar
what type of front is formed when warm air moved up over a wedge of colder retreating air
warm front
what type of front shows little or no movement
stationary
what type of front produces severe weather during the initial forming stages
occuluded fronts
which front is associated with an abrupt drop in temperature, a shift in wind with wind gusts, and a rapid rise in barometric pressure
cold front
what effect does heavy cloud coverage and heavy rain have on radar
range of radar is affected due to atenuation
how is radar energy lost in attenuation
through scattering and absorbtion
what is the troposphere
portion of the atmosphere within which our weather occurs
what causes the bending or retraction of radar energy
the structure of our trophosphere
whar are the 4 basic types of refraction
supper refraction
normal refraction
trapping
subrefraction
which type of refraction causes radar energy to be curved upward
subrefraction
which type of refraction occurs during cloudy rainy weather with strong winds
normalrefraction
which type of refraction causes radar energy to be curved downward more sharply then normal but not as much as the curvature of the earth
superrefraction
which type of refraction causes radar energy to be curved downward equal to or greater then the curvature of the earth
trapping
what is one problem caused by strong weather returns
masking effect or shadow area
what type of report format is now the standard and is used world wide
metar report
ENCODE
-METAR report, location identifer papa hotel november lime,date/time one niner two three zero, zero, wind one three zero degrees at twenty visibility three, runway visual range one four right four thousand, patched rain and fog, sky condition one thousand scattered and ceiling two thousand five hundred broken, temperature three one dew point two six, altimiter two eight five two
METAR PHNL 192300Z 13020KT 3SM
METAR PHNL 031900z 18010KT 11/2SM FU OVC010CB 20/20 A2990

WHATS:

visibility?
ceiling?
weather pheneomona?
altimeter setting?
visibility: 1 1/2
ceiling- overcast 1000ft
phenomona: smoke
altimeter setting: 2990, two niner niner zero
two basic uses of winds aloft
to compute and forcast radiation fallout and interceptor heading corrections
what is considered a constant surface for weather purposes
land n water
a continental polar air mass would most likely be associated with

WASHINGTON STATE
WEST TEXAS
MISSISSIPPI
WISCONSIN
WISCONSIN
for the purpose of identifying clouds, the atmosphere is divided into..
high, middle and low sections
what is the area between two different air masses called
front
weather fronts are generally classified according to
reletive motions of the air masses involved
what type of front is formed when warm air moves up over a wedge of colder retreating air
warm
the advancing or leading edge of a cold air mass is called a
cold front
concerning weather effects on radar the combination of scattering and absorbtion is known as
attenuation
the area of the atmosphere where weather occurs is known as the
troposphere
what type of refraction causes energy waves to be curved UPWARD
subrefraction
how is radar performance affected during superrefraction if at all
radar energy is bet downward increasing the range
which form of regraction may result in radar holes or blind spots
trapping
when is a special weather report issued (SPECI)
when a signiciant weather change occurs
In an aviation routine weather report (metar) what does the M under runway visual range stand for
LESS THEN
In a METAR report how is hail indicated
GR
what element in the METAR report gives info about clouds and obscuring phenomena
sky condition
winds aloft are reported in
5,000ft increments from 5000ft-60000ft
_____ is a word of group of words to which we assign a definite meaning and whose purpose is to shorton and facilitare voice communications
prowords
what are the two types of calls in radio communications
single-THIS IS one call sign

multiple-two or more call signs..THIS IS
Two advantages of utilizing a cell phone and pager
1. Backup communications
2. easier to contact commanders/key personel, when not near administrative telephone
what procedures must be followed when an indiividual having less then a secret security clearance must use the STU-III
must be supervised by someone who is cleared.
how are communications using the STE secured
using a fortezza card
name the levels of precedence of the telephone priority system
flash, immediate, priority, routine
what precedence is reserved for vital communications having an immediate operational effect on tactical operations, safety and rescue ops, and intel reports
IMMEDIATE
what band of frequencies do we know as the hf band
3-30 mhz
which frequencies are in high demand because of their reliable long range propagation accomodating voice and teleype data
HF
are frequencies in the vhf range useful for long distance comm, explain
no, because they are only LOS
three principal methods of uhf propagation
LOS, SATELLITE, TROPHOSPERIC SCATTER
why is it important to use prescribed procedures for radio operations
to shorten calls, let you release the frequency to another user
4 factors of speech
volume, speed, rhythem, pitch
what happens if you speak too loudly on a HF circit
overmodulat the signal; become unreadable
what should tou always ensure you know before you key the radio microphone
exactly what you are going to say
what is the purpose of prowords in radio/tel comm.
to shorten voice comm
give the exact meaning of disreguard this transmission
transmission is an error
what proword is precede the transmission of numbers
figures
what does ROGER signify
recieved last transmission sasitfactorly
proword to say you need a repeat of last transmission
say again
why do you use multiple call
to contact two or more units at once
in making a full call, why would you transmit both call signs twice to attract attention
when comm is difficult or multiple siimilar callsigns are in the area
in making a full call, why would you transit both call signs twice to attract attention
when com is difficult or multiple call signs in same area
if after a few calls you realize you cant establish contact with an a/c what do u do
go through another agency
what is the purpose of MINIMIZE
to limit volume of traffic in the comm system and to ensure the flow of essential traffic
who has the athorty of minimize
JCS-WORLDWIDE
commanders at all levels within their command or area of responsibility
generally, what document is used to impose miimize
general msg
who can cancel a MINIMIZE condition
the imposing or appropriate higher authority
what type of telephone is a direct line without dialing capabilities
hot line
The DSN system is basically
A LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE SYSTEM
which frequencies are normally only useful for distances approximately within the line of sight
VHF and above
what is the primary frequency band used to propagate trophospheric scatter and satellite communications
UHF
Approximately how far away from your lips should you hold your microphone
1/2 inch
what proword should be used before transmitting numerals or numbers
FIGURES
Proword for proceed with message
GO AHEAD
What are the methods of calling used in radio comm
full and abbreviated
in which method of calling are the call signs of the calling and called stations only given once
FULL
when are abbreviated calls authorized
during good communications conditions and after contact has been firmly established
who may impose minimize worldwide on all users of DOD
JCS -Joint Chiefs of Staff
What is the purpose of SORTS?
Provide data critical to crisis planning
-Provide data for the deliberate planning process
-It is to be used by the CSAF and subordinate commanders in assessing their effectiveness in meeting their responsiblities
Where is a unit's response time reflected?
Unit's DOC statement
When are SORTS reports required?
Within 24 hours of a change or every 28-30 days. Info in the database can be no older than 31 days from the last report
who is ultimately responsible for timely and accurate reporting
the commander
how is a report that contains information on a combat loss classified
minnimum of secret
when majcom suspends the submission of any aforeps report, whom do they advise
hq usaf
who submits an oprep3-event/incident report
the lowest level of command with knowledge of the event
which flagword do we use to identify events or incidents where interest does not go above hqusaf
beeline
whigh flagword do we use to provide info to nmcc on any incident of national level interest
pinnacle
which oprep 3 report takes precedence over all other oprep 3 reports
pinalccle nucflash
what is the purpose of a SITREP
to keep the joint staff, services and national leadership apprised of existing polotocal, military and operational situations
unless otherwise specified by commanders directives when are sitrep submitted
NLT 0200Z
what significant factors do af sitrep evaluate
readiness, mobilization of personal, logistics
where is a units response time reflected
units DOC statement
what are the six category levels used in SORTS reporting
c1-c6
what four resource areas are measured in SORTS
PERSONEL, QUIP SUPPLIES ON HAND, EQUIP CONDITION, TRAINING
what classification is assigned to a document that lists the overall c-level for two units
SECRET
What is a major US goal for the USMTF
allied adoption of USMTF message formats for all services
why are terms used in usmtf defined with precision
meanings are clear to all users within the system
list 3 major structural components of usmtf system
message text,set, field
what is teh most basic building block in the overall structure of the usmtf
field
what is the purpose of the main text in the usmtf
adresses the subject by the formatted msg
how does a message indicate teh beginning of a field indicated within a set
beginning= /
end= //
3 CHECKLISTS
EMERGENCY CHECKLIST
QUICK REACTION
NORMAL CHECKLIST
what does the first page of each checlist contain
date it was last reviewed and the reviewers initials
what is always the first checklist in a binder/holder
aircraft emergency checklist
for what do units review checklists
technical accuracy and completeness
who is responsible to ensure the current checklist is being used
individual mission crew members
why is it important to put a mark next to each step as you run the checklist
to help track what steps still need to be accomplished and to prevent the omission critical steps.
the main guideline for including a report in the AFOREPS is it must be
essential to command and control of aerospace forces
reports within the AFOREPS must contain information on a combat loss are classified a minimum of
secret
what type of operational report 3 oprep3 is used for incidents or events that do not merit HQ USAF attention, but are of interest to major command MAJCOM
homeline
commanders situations reports SITREP must be submitted NLT
0200z
the chief of staff, usaf and subordinate commanders use status of resources of training system data is assesing their
effectiveness in meeting their responsibilities
what category level indicates a unit requires additional resources to undertake its wartime mission
C-4
the CSAF and subordinate commanders use SORTS data in assesing their..
effectiveness in meeting their responsibilities
which measures resource area (MRA) normally drives a units overall (C-level)
the lowest of the four MRAs
what is the major us goal of the usmtf standards
allied adoption of usmtf standards
how many major structural components make up the usmtf system
3
what is the only portion of a message that is governed by the USMTF system rules
main text
whos responsibility is it to ensure that only the current checklist is used
individual mission crew member
why do you place a mark net to each item in the checklist as it is completed
prevents you from missing mission critical steps
What type of tell provides adjacent stations with track information on approaching tracks?
lateral
How many people are involved with documenting training in the STS? WHO
Trainer-Trainee-Certifier
upgrading to 5 level you need __months ugt n __ for retrainees
15, 9
what level for staff?
5
7 level, how many months ugt
12 months
promotions above e-5, you need __ level
7
must be E-__ to be a 9 level and complete __
e-8, senior nco academy
When the commander of NORAD declares __ when an attack upon contintnetal us, by hostile a/c considered probable or iminemt
ADE/BIG NOISE
the commander of NORAD declares __ when there has been a major attack on us forces in an overseas area
DE/HOT BOX