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71 Cards in this Set
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Anti-Imperialism |
Belief that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas and that the U.S. should leave the other countries alone. Supporters felt imperialism threatened nation's democratic foundations, feared imperialism would bring more races into the country, felt it was too expensive and would cause job competition with immigrants thus lowering wages; The position that a country should not take over foreign lands or subjugate aliens.
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Anti-Semitism
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A mindset that people of Jewish heritage were inferior to other races; Discrimination against Jews
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Apartheid
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A system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained; Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
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Appeasement
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A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war; Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict.
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Application of religion to political issues, Fundamentalist movements, Liberation theology |
A movement that began as a militant reaction to liberal Protestantism and to developments in modern science and the historical study of the Bible. There were certain fundamental Christian beliefs that could not be changed or watered down; An activist Catholic religious movement that combines Catholic beliefs with a passion for social justice for the poor. |
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Authoritarianism/ Authoritarian Regimes |
A political system that denies the people participation in government; A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.); A system of rule in which power depends not on popular legitimacy but on the coercive force of the political authorities |
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Bedouin |
Arab nomads on a desert who were organized into tribes and groups called clans. Provided security and support for life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the desert. Ideals are part of Islamic way of life. |
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Biafra secessionist movement |
Is a secessionist movement with the aim of securing the resurgence of the defunct state of Biafra from Nigeria;In 1967-1970, the Igbo people of Nigeria, a regional/ethnic group, worked to split themselves from Nigeria. It was to create as an independent republic, formally under the name of Biafra. After 30 months of open warfare and famine, in which over one million died, Biafran forces agreed to a ceasefire and Biafra was reintegrated into Nigeria |
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Chemically and genetically enhanced forms of agriculture |
Crops that have been enhanced by scientists to have higher yields, be resistant to drought and insects, have higher vitamin amounts, etc. |
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Cold War |
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years;(1945-1991) The period after the Second World War marked by rivalry and tension between the two nuclear superpowers. |
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Collectivization
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Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other Communist regimes.
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Communism (Five year plans, Great Leap Forward)
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A political and economic system where factors of production are collectively owned and directed by the state; A political system characterized by a centrally planned economy with all economic and political power resting in the hands of the central government
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Consumerism
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An organized movement of citizens and government agencies to improve the rights and power of buyers in relation to sellers; A social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts.
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Containment |
A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances
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Cultural Convergence
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The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication; The contact and interaction of one culture to another.
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Cultural Identities |
our view of ourselves in relation to the cultures we belong to; Pan-Africanism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Slavism, Negritude
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Pan-Africanism
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Philosophy based on the belief that Africans share common bonds and are a unified people. Adopted this to break from colonial rule.
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Pan-Arabism
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A movement that calls for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts that the Arabs constitute a single nation. Wanted to end foreign control.
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Pan-Slavism
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A movement to create a nation state of Slavic people
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Negritude
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Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African physique; associated with origins of African nationalist movements.
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Decolonization
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The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence; the action of changing from colonial to independent status
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Dissolution
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Dissolving, the state of having been dissolved; breaking bonds or breaking up of a group of people; death, disintegration; sinking into extreme hedonism, vice, and degradation; looseness in morals
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Domestic
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produced in a particular country; of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation
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Draft
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A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military;Conscription, or compulsory military service
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Economic liberalization
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Philosophy that aims to limit the power of the state and increase the power of the market and private property in an economy.
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Exclusionary Reactions
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Xenophobia, race riots, citizenship restrictions
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Xenophobia
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Fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers; an exclusionary reaction
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Race riots
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Rioting in major US. cities due to frustration of discrimination. Riots spread to over 100 cities across the country; Migration of African Americans to nothern cities increased racial tensions, which led to violence in many cities; an exclusionary reaction
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Citizenship Restrictions
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Not allowing certain people to become citizens; not allowing certain citzens all rights; an exclusionary reaction
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Feminism
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A female movement for gender equality
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Free market economies/ policies
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an economy unregulated by the government with free trade that results in a prosperous economy, favoring big businesses and individual wealth; government should have very limited/little regulation to preserve balance and order;any industry will operate best when there is no regulate; competition will take care of everything
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Free trade
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Takes place between countries when there are no barriers to trade put in place by governments or international organizations. Goods and services are allowed to move freely between countries.
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Genocide
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The systematic killing of an entire people; Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial, or religious group
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Glasnost
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A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry; Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union
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Global Warming
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Gradual warming of the earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect
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New Deal
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Governments intervention in the economy:A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression
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Fascist corporatist economy
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Governments intervention in the economy; involved management of sectors of the economy by government or privately controlled organizations (corporations). Each trade union or employer corporation would, theoretically, represent its professional concerns, especially by negotiation of labour contracts and the like. This method, it was theorized, could result in harmony amongst social classes
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Export-oriented economies |
trade and economic policy aiming to speed up the industrialization process of a country by exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage
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Great Depression |
the financial and industrial slump of 1929 and subsequent years
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Green Revolution |
a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.
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Greenhouse Gases |
a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation, e.g., carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons
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Holocaust |
the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941–45. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, were murdered at concentration camps such as Auschwitz
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Home Countries
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Imperialistic countries
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Imperial Metropoles
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Home country, a base for imperialism
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League of Nations
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An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace
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Mandates
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Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants
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Militarized States
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States that have a large number of soldiers and spend a large percentage of their GPD on weapons
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Mujahideen/Taliban
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Exteremist, anti-US group in the Middle East
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked
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Nuclear Weaponry
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i.e. Atomic Bomb
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OPEC
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply
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Pacific Rim
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The countries that border the Pacific Ocean
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Perestroika
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A policy that moved Russia into a more market based economy
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Perestroika
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A policy that moved Russia into a more market based economy
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Partition
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Separate or apportion into sections
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Propaganda
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PropagandaInformation that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
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Proxy Wars
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During the Cold War, local or regional wars in which the superpowers armed, trained, and financed the combatants
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Quebecois Separatist Movement
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Huge national terrorist group called the FLQ (Front de liberation du Quebec). They firmly believed that Quebec should separate from Canada, and become it's own, French-speaking country
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Refugee
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An exile who flees for safety
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Religious Fundametalism
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The belief that the bible does not contain any contradictions or errors, and is literally true
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Segregation
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A social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups
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Self-Determination
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The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
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Soviets
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Councils composed of representatives of workers and soldiers
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Superpowers
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Nations with enough military, political, and economic strength to influence events worldwide
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Technological Stagnation
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Low amounts of technological advancement
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Terrorism
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The calculated use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious in nature
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Third World Countries
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Developing countries that lack economic opportunities
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Total War
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The channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort
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Totalitarianism
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A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator
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United Nations
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An organization of independent states formed to promote international peace and security
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Warsaw Pact
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An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations
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