190 Final

Front 1

The rate of movement of a body from one point to another over a period of time

Back 1

Velocity (speed)

Front 2

Velocity equation

Back 2

v = d/t

Front 3

A measure of how quickly a body changes its speed or direction of motion

Back 3

Acceleration

Front 4

Acceleration equation

Back 4

Acceleration = a change in speed (velocity) / time required to make the change

Front 5

Newton's First law: law of inertia

Back 5

A body will remain at rest/continue moving with a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force

Front 6

Newton's Second law: definition of force

Back 6

A push or pull that causes a body to increase or decease its speed or change its direction of motion

Front 7

Force equation

Back 7

F = m X a
(force applied to move an object is equal to the mass of the object times the acceleration)

Front 8

Force is measured in:

Back 8

Newtons (N)

Front 9

Newton's Third law: action/reaction

Back 9

To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 10

The wight of a body is the forceo f gravitiation attraction on its ____

Back 10

mass

Front 11

Weight equation

Back 11

Weight = mass X gravity

Front 12

The weight of an object _____ according to gravity, but the _____ of an object does not change

Back 12

varies
mass

Front 13

Gravity affects all objects the same regardless of _____

Back 13

mass

Front 14

Momentum equation

Back 14

Momentum (p) = mass X velocity

Front 15

Conservation of momentum

Back 15

The total momentum before any interaction is equal to the total momentum after the interaction

Front 16

Energy is defined as:

Back 16

the ability to do work

Front 17

Units for energy

Back 17

Joule (J)
Calorie
Electron volt (used for very small units of energy)

Front 18

Two types of mechanical energy are:

Back 18

Kinetic and potential

Front 19

Kinetic energy is defined as:

Back 19

energy of motion

Front 20

Potential energy is defined as:

Back 20

Stored energy, or energy due to position

Front 21

The total kinetic energy of the random disordered motion of molecules in a material

Back 21

Heat energy

Front 22

Unit of measurement for heat energy:

Back 22

Calorie or kilocalorie

Front 23

3 methods of heat transfer are:

Back 23

Conduction, convection, and thermal radiation

Front 24

Transfer of heat energy by the random collision of fast moving molecules with slower moving molecules in a body

Back 24

Conduction

Front 25

Transfer of heat energy from a body by electromagnetic waves (infrared emission)

Back 25

Thermal radiation

Front 26

Transfer of heat energy by a moving fluid (liquid or gas)

Back 26

Convection

Front 27

Heat is measured in what three different scales?

Back 27

Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin

Front 28

Matter is defined as:

Back 28

anything that occupies space and has inertia

Front 29

4 subdivisions of matter:

Back 29

Elements
Compounds
Molecules
Atoms

Front 30

Chemicals that cannot be broken down into simpler forms

Back 30

Elements

Front 31

The smallest part of an element which retains the chemical properties of the element

Back 31

Atoms

Front 32

The result of two or more elements linking together chemically

Back 32

Compounds

Front 33

The smallest part of a compound which retains the chemical properties of the compound

Back 33

Molecules

Front 34

A molecules is made up of a number or _____ linked together

Back 34

atoms

Front 35

All matter is composed of ______

Back 35

atoms

Front 36

Protons are located where?

Back 36

In the nucleus

Front 37

Protons have what charge?

Back 37

Positive

Front 38

The number of protons determines what?

Back 38

Atomic number

Front 39

Where are neutrons located?

Back 39

nucleus

Front 40

Neutrons have what charge?

Back 40

No charge (neutral)

Front 41

Where are electrons located?

Back 41

in orbital shells surrounding the nucleus

Front 42

An electron has what charge?

Back 42

negative

Front 43

Nucleons

Back 43

the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Front 44

Octet rule:

Back 44

No outer shell can contain more than eight electrons

Front 45

The farther an electron shell is from the nucleus, the ______ the potential energy of the electrons in that shell

Back 45

greater

Front 46

The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the _____ it's binding energy

Back 46

higher

Front 47

Binding energy of an electron depends on which shell is is in and the ______ _____ of an atom

Back 47

atomic number

Front 48

electrons are held in place by the ________ ________ of the positively charged nucleus

Back 48

electrostatic force

Front 49

Neutral atoms have the same number of protons and _____

Back 49

electrons

Front 50

Mass (A) number

Back 50

the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Front 51

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost an _____

Back 51

electron

Front 52

Conversion of a neutral atom into an ion

Back 52

ionization

Front 53

Isotope

Back 53

Contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

has the same Z number, but a different A number

Front 54

Isobar

Back 54

Contains a different number of protons and a different number of neutrons but has the same total number of nucleons

has same A number, but a different Z number

Front 55

Isotone

Back 55

Contains the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons

Front 56

Isomer

Back 56

An atom with the same atomic number and the same atomic mass number

has different energy states because of differences in nucleon arrangement

Front 57

The transformation from an unstable to a stable nuclide

Back 57

Radioactive decay

Front 58

Radionuclide emits an alpha particle consisting of two neutrons and two protons

Back 58

alpha decay

Front 59

Alpha particles are highly ionizing but can't penetrate the skin (T/F)

Back 59

true