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199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the Austro-Hungarian empire control? |
Austria, Hungary, and central Europe |
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What was the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire? |
Vienna |
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Who ruled the Austro-Hungarian Empire? |
Hapsburgs |
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What were the Hapsburgs big supporters of? |
Moors courses and horse training |
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In the 1800s what was Vienna? |
culture capital of the world |
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What does rathus mean? |
German for city hall |
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Ring Road/Ring Strauss |
Vienna was enclosed by walls and the walls were torn down and buildings were built
*it was the first urban renewal project |
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Louis XVIII |
-reigned after Napoleon -established a constitutional monarch -through bad leadership he caused an economic depression and rekindled loyalty to Napoleon -fled France when Napoleon returned to power during 100 Days Period -returned to power after |
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Charles X |
brother of Louis XVIII -conservative, reactionary -ruled for 6 years -captured Algeria -abdicated throne because of revolution of 1830 |
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Revolution of 1830 |
set of liberal revolutions in 1830s |
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Louis Philippe |
-radical -citizen king -last king of France, ruled until 1848 -revolution in 1842 was famous revolution against him |
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Revolution of 1848 |
liberal revolutions throughout Europe but especially France |
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What two years were there revolutions throughout France and Europe? |
1830 and 1848 |
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Napoleon III |
-elected president, made emperor -gave France 20 years peace -public works project -Crimean War -tried to colonize Mexico, leads to Mexico War, Mexico wins -accidentally unites Germany |
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Paris Commune |
-government that tried to take over -only ruled Paris -extremely liberal, almost radical |
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Dreyfus Affair |
Dreyfus ~ jewish military officer -arrested for spying -put on trial found guilty -French military was prejudiced, made up all evidence against him -divided France -major anti-semetic event |
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Tocqueville |
went to America and journaled, he published his book and everyone thought America was a great place |
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Dumas |
wrote The Count of Monte Christo and The Three Musketeers |
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Victor Hugo |
wrote Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Miserables his book saved Notre-Dame |
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Haussmann |
-ordered by Napoleon III to modernize Paris -widened streets and boulevards -regulations imposed on facades -sewers, water works, public parks, public monuments -redid 60% of Paris -kicked out poor people so they couldn't revolt -Paris the most beautiful place in the world |
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What were the basic themes of 1800s? |
-Nationalism -Class Struggle (Wealthy vs Poor) -Industrialization (Growth of cities) |
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Characteristics of Romantic Period |
-Nature -Nationalism -Dream-like |
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Who was Gaudi? |
-Famous Architect -nicknamed God's Architect -lived in Barcelona -masterpiece: Sagrada Familia |
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Delacroix |
-famous artist -painted Liberty Leading people ~ story of revolution of 1830 ~ Nationalism |
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Rodin |
most famous sculptor |
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Who ordered the Paris Opera House? |
Napoleon III, Gardiner built it, baroque style |
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What did Gustave Eiffel build? |
-bridges -inside of statue of liberty -Eiffel Tower (stole the idea from his assitants) |
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Sacre Couer |
giant church meant to look Medival |
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What was the area around the Sacre Couer called? |
montmartre |
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What was the area of South Germany known as? What was it's king's name? What did the king do? |
1. Bauarian 2. Mad King Ludwig 3. Built a castle because he dreamed of being a knight |
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What was the region around Barcelona known as? |
Catalonia |
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Who was Karl Marx? |
-focused on class struggle Major works: -Das Kapital -Communist Manifesto
-he believed that throughout history there's class struggle |
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Class Struggle in the 1800s? Karl Marx belief of what would happen/ |
-factory workers vs. factory owners -believed factory workers would rise up and create communism -thought all people created equal, and should only take what they need -create a Utopia |
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What color do people who relate to Marx wear? What is a Communist Holiday? |
-red -Mayday |
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"Workers of the world unite" |
Karl Marx |
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"Religion is the opium of the people" |
Karl Marx |
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Bourgeoisie |
factory owners |
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Proletariat |
factory workers |
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Who was it believed would be the first communist nations? |
Germany or Britain |
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Who was actually the first nations to turn to communism? |
USSR (Russia), China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam
-all were Agrerarian (farming) Societies |
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Sigmund Freud |
-studied the mind -believed everything revolved around sex -interpreted dreams -Oedipus Complex - believed for very short period when small boys hate dad and fall in love with mom (opposite happens for girls) -Psychoanalysis ~ people want to talk about what's bothering them -first modern pschiatrist |
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Freudian slip |
when subconcious mind keeps running and thoughts slip out |
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Repression |
keeping of unacceptable ideas from conciousness i.e. in unconcious |
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Charles Darwin |
works: -The Descent of men -the origin of species
-study of evolution (survival of the fittest) -studied on HMS Beagle in Galapagos Islands |
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Social Darwinism |
-people put darwin's theory into people and business rich = smart, special, good poor = stupid, bad, lazy -this merged with nationalism and ended with racism |
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Heinrich Schliemann |
-loved Illiad and Oddessy -studied Troy -went to Turkey to dig -found Troy -found Mask of Agamemnon |
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Sir Arthur Evans |
-british archaelogist who excavated the ruins of ancient city of Knossos in crete -found minotaurs palace -discovered Minoan Society |
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Riorgimento |
resurgence |
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When did Italy become a unified nation? |
1861 |
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Guiseppe Mazzini |
-nationalist writer -formed a group called Young Italy |
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Count Camillo Cavour |
-politician -unified all North Italy through politics |
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Garibalidi |
-George Washington of Italy -kicked out of Europe in 1848 -becomes hero in Latin America -goes to Italy gets kicked out again -makes Candles in U.S -comes back |
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Who led The Thousand (or Red Shirts)? |
Garibalidi |
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What happens when The Thousand go to Sicily?
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win battle, end up conquering all of Southern Italy |
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What was The Handshake at Teano? |
Garibaldi gives South Italy to Victor Emmanuel |
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Who was Victor Emmanuel? |
First king of united Italy |
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Zollverein |
group of German states fomed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories |
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Chancellor |
senior state or legal official of Germany |
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Realpolitik |
politics or diplomacy of Germany |
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Annex |
to add |
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Kaiser |
King of Germany |
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Reich |
german word meaning empire |
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Otto von Bismark |
-politician -first chancellor -also known as Iron Chancellor |
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EMS Dispatch |
made France declare the Franco-Prussian War |
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Blood and Iron |
famous speech by Otto von Bismark -about building infastructure and military |
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Junkers |
German nobles |
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Seven Weeks War |
Austro-Prussian War |
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August Thyssen |
steel producer |
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Krupp Family |
famous for building weapons |
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Kulturkampf |
policies to reduce power of Catholic Church in Prussia -germanization of Germany |
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Richard Wagner |
composer |
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Bavaria |
Southern part of Germany famous for culture and beauty |
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Capital of Bavaria |
Munich |
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Capital of Prussia |
Berlin |
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Prussia |
Northern Germany famous for military |
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In 1800s Prussia wanted to expand, what were the steps to unification? |
1. remove trade restrictions 2. build up industry (Krupp/Thyssen) 3. Fight Denmark -picked b/c knew they could win 4. Fight Austria (7 Weeks War) 5. Fight France (Franco-Prussian War) |
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Why did Prussia fight Austria? |
Germany was to be unified under either Prussia or Austria, they defeated Austria in 7 weeks |
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Why did Prussia fight France? |
-They needed to unify all the little states -Bismark needed an excuse to start war, -takes EMS Dispatch, edits it, and leaks it to French newspapers -French declares war and Bismark unifies states |
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How did Germans invade France? |
Through Belgium -france was them defeated by combined German forces |
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What does Bismark do at Versailles? |
holds a meeting saying the states should unite |
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Cabora: Italy: ____ : Prussia |
Bismark |
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Where did the first German Kaiser coronation take place? |
Hall of Mirrors in Versailles |
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Who was the first German Kaiser? Who actually ran Germany? |
-William I -Bismark |
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What did Bismark believe in? |
Realpolitik believed in whatevers best for right now |
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"Politics is like sausages, you don't want to know how they are made" |
-Otto von Bismark |
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Queen Victoria |
-House of Hanover |
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Victorian Age |
1800s |
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Queen Victoria was the first british monarch to... |
-get her picture taken -her voice recorded |
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who was queen victoria married to? |
Albert |
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What was Queen Victoria known as and why? |
she was known as the grandmother of europe because many of her children and grandchildren married someone in europe |
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Albert, Queen Victoria's husband loved technology and did what? |
Built the Crystal Palace to show case all of it, but the building caught fire |
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What happened when Queen Victoria's husband died? |
She went into mourning for the rest of her life, and handed power over to the prime minister, shows the power beginning to go to parliament |
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How was Britain in the 1800s? |
very conservative rules and regulations structured and organized time reached zeneath of empire |
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Australia |
-colony of great britian -discovered 1770 by Captain Cook -Prisoners sent there from 1788-1860's |
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Why was Victoria seen as important and good everywhere except Ireland? |
irish potato famine |
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Ireland: |
-rural/peasant farms -one of poorest nations in West europe -7 million tons of potatoes grown each year |
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What kind of economy was Ireland? |
Single crop economy |
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When did the Irish potato famine start and end? |
start: 1845 end: 1849 |
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What happened with the potatoes? |
Infected by insects (phyophthara infestans) if you ate infected potato you got dysonphery |
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What was the british approach to the potato famine? |
laissez-fair |
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What did 2 million irish people do? |
left the country in coffin ships headed for U.S. |
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why were they called coffin ships? |
because so many people died on them 1 million died |
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Why was the potato such a big deal? |
-thrives -easy -lasts a long time |
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why did the u.s. hate irish? |
thought of them as drunk monkeys unsophisticated catholic |
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Horizontal monopoly |
own all of a type of compnay in an area ex: own all gas stations in lower providence |
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vertical monopoly |
own everything from raw material to finished product ex: juice company. own trees, railroad, factory for squeezing, bottle and label companies |
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Luddite |
person anti-industrial revolution some so much so that they attacked factories |
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why did city population skyrocket in 1800s? |
where industrialization takes place, so does urbanization |
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why was having the town owned by the factory owner a bad thing? |
factory owner owned everything, from apartments to grocery stores, to doctors and raised prices knowing their workers wages, leaving workers to fall in debt and either go to debtor's prison or remain basically a slave to the factory owner |
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Who performed many of the coal mining jobs? |
children |
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what happened to women during industrialization? |
they began to move to work in factories -no longer worked with their spouse -no time for children -hazard working conditions -paid less |
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Suffrage |
the right to vote in political elections |
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where did industrialization start/ |
london, england |
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enclosure act |
losed small fields and pushed out small farmers |
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how were factory conditions? |
-terrible -hazardous conditions -low wages (women paid even less) -treated unfairly |
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what happens in urbanization? how are cities? |
-people move from farms to cities to work in factories -cities are bad, a lot of crime |
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Factories needed more supplies, like cotton where did they look and what happened? |
they looked to middle east. the ottoman turk empire was dying and countries tried to take over |
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Austrians got what part of the Ottoman turk empire? |
Bosnia |
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Why was there a war fought over crimea? |
-it was the most important area, it had the best warm ports |
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What does industrilization lead to? |
imperialism ~ colonization |
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What did the Europeans learn about the Middle east and where did they go next? |
they learned it had no supplies and turned to Africa |
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what happened with Africa? |
there was a scramble for Africa between britain, france, and belgium mostly |
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What land did France get/ |
they got the most amount of land, but it had no raw resources |
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What land did Britain get? |
got the most valuable land, with the diamond and gold mines |
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what happened with the englishman rhodes? |
he bought land from a farmer, the land turned out to be the largest diamond supply |
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what land did belgium get? |
center of Africa, where they found rubber trees -they had workers harvesting rubber, treated poorly -congo is the site of the first genocide in modern history |
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Where did european countries look after Africa and what did they find? |
India, they found tons of raw materials; cotton, spices, opium |
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What is india called? |
"jewel of british empire" |
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where did the europeans move after india? |
Asia
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everyone wanted china, why? |
the markets, they had silk and tea but the europeans had nothing to trade |
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what did the europeans do so they could trade with China? |
began growing opium |
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what did traders feel they needed to go whereever they went? |
felt they needed to give back, gave Christianity and Civilization |
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What did giving the people they traded with Christianity and Civilization eventually lead to? |
-nationalism -revolts
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Causes of Imperialism? |
-search for markets or raw materials -missionaries -military and naval bases -idealogy |
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What was the Suez Canal, why was it built? |
a canal that connects the mediterranean and the gulf of suez -it shortened the root to india by 45% |
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In 1884 what was organized by Bismark? |
Berlin Conference |
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What happened at Berlin Conference? |
14 European nations attended to decide how to colonize Africa |
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who was Liberia controlled by at one time? what happened there? |
-U.S. -after the civil war shipped slaves back to liberia but they were viewed as "americans" and it created tension that still exists today |
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What was the significance of Ethiopia? |
the only completely independent nation |
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What happened when the europeans left Africa? |
it started civil wars that still exist today |
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sphere of influence |
exclusive rights for a mother nation |
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protectorate |
local leaders in control, puppet government |
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Direct colony |
additional province to Mother nation |
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Indirect rule colonies |
ruled by chiefs or locals who were westernized |
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David Livingstone |
-christian missionary -"explorer" (he had guides) "discovered Victoria Falls" |
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who was sent to find livingstone when he went missing for 6+ months and what was the famous quote when he found him? |
Henry stanley "Doctor Livingstone, I presume" |
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Cecil Rhodes |
-founder of De Beers (diamond company) -colonial leader so important a colony was named after him Rodesia |
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what did cecil rhodes do? |
-led britain in Boer War -established the Rhodes scholarship -college graduates get the oppertunity to study at Oxford for a year, one of highest academic honors |
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King Leopold II of Belgium |
-1885 established the Congo Free state -largest colony owned by one man -wanted: rubber, ivory, copper
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Horror of the Congo |
10 million people died if the daily quota wasn't met, hands were chopped off |
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South Africa |
settled by Dutch until Boer Wars, when Britain kicked them out |
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Boer |
person of dutch ancestery |
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What was the 1830's a big time for in south africa? |
expansion (like U.S. west) |
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When did South Africa become an independent nation? |
1931 |
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Apartheid |
1948-1993 when people were separated into whites, blacks, and colored
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Who was the most famous colored person? |
Gandi |
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What was the Kimberly area famous for? |
Diamond mines also Nelson Mandela |
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Nelson Mandela |
-spent most of his life in prison on Robin Island
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What was the group Nelson Mandela belonged to? |
African National Congress |
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What did the African National congress want to do? |
wanted to overthrow government which made the U.S. believe he was a terrorist because they were friendly with the current government |
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French Indochina |
contained: Vietnam, Laos, cambodia -major trade: food -sent Catholic missionaries |
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what happens to vietnemese? |
japan invades in WWII u.s. and french promise freedom if they fight against japanese veitnemese use geurilla warefare after war, france refuses idnependence geurilla warriors then revolt france and us fight, france pulls away, us stays and thus starts vietnam war |
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who was Poll Pot? |
-leader of Cambodia -reactionary, very nationalistic -wanted to go back to pre-french influence (farming communities) -murders anyone with over elementary level schooling -shots about 1/3 of population |
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what did japan do in 1800s? |
closed it's doors to western civilizations |
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What did the U.S. do to get Japan to trade? |
sent Mathew Perry with armed ships, and convicnes Japan to open it's doors for trade |
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what happens to japan because of trading with u.s.? |
Japan sees U.S. industrialized, militarized, and nationalized and realizes it should do the same -japan invades korea b/c has no raw goods -japan makes koreans sex slaves and slaves -japan then goes to phillipines |
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Rudyard Kipling |
wrote 'the white man's burden" |
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John Kay |
invetned Flying shuttle |
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James Hargreaves |
invented the spinning jenny |
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Richard Arkwright |
invented the water frame |
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George Stephenson |
invented the steam engine |
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James watt |
improved the steam engine |
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Abraham Darby |
invented the smelting oven |
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Thomas newcomen |
first practical steam engine |
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Charles townshend |
Crop rotation |
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Jethro Tull |
seed drill |
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John Wesley |
Methodist church |
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Crimean War |
1853-1856 -fought between Russians and an alliance consisting of Ottoman Empire, Britain, and france -arose from conflict between powers of Middle east and Russian demands for protection over the orthodox subjects of the ottoman sultan |
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sepoy |
indian soldiers that worked for british |
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Ragge |
indian government |
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sepoy mutiny |
British armed indian soldiers with guns, and rumors were spread that the guns were greased with sacred animal fats, causing the people to rebel (though they were crushed within 2 years) -the goal of rebellion was not reached, and britain seized complete control over india instead of relinquishing power |
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Pro's of british in india? |
helped modernize and educate them |
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Robert clive |
british general that led the british east india company to dominate india |
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what two nations fought over control of india in the 7 years war? |
britain and france |
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thomas malthus |
his theory was that human reproduction rate would surpase the food production rate |
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capital |
money used to start a company |
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where is one of the best places to grow opium? |
india |
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smuggling opium is considered.... |
a capital crime (punishable by the death penalty) |
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Buyer |
someone who buys products for a business |
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selling stuff for a low price at first (ie opium) and then raising the price later is a good idea because.. |
people will come back, and then you can raise the price |
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when supply is low price goes...? |
up |
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What did the opium trade do to the chinese economy? |
it helped it at first and then it led to a trade deficit and the economy crumbled |
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How did the opium war start? |
chinese government tries to confiscate british opium chests and britain says that's not right and declares war |
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Who wins the Opium war? |
British |
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What do the Chinese have to sign at the end of the opium war? |
treaty of nanjing |
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What did the Treaty of Nanjing do? |
opened more ports, also caused the economy to crumble |
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Who were the Boxers? |
hated westerners knew martial arts thought guns couldn't hurt them marked by tattoo |
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Boxer rebellion |
got angry at someone |
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Taiping rebellion |
biggest revolt in chinese history and causes china to crumble |
