Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is ageism?
|
Prejudice or discrimination against a person (most commonly an older person) based on age.
|
|
What is primary aging?
|
Gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span.
|
|
What is secondary aging?
|
Aging processes that result from disease and bodily abuse and disuse and are often preventable.
|
|
What is functional age?
|
Measure of a person's ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age.
|
|
What is gerontology?
|
Study of the aged and the process of aging.
|
|
What is geriatrics?
|
Branch of medicine concerned with processess of aging and medical conditions associated with old age.
|
|
What is life expectancy?
|
Age to which a person in a particular cohort is statistically likely to live (given his or her current age and health status), on the basis of average longevity of a population.
|
|
What is longevity (according to the Human Development Textbook)?
|
Length of an individual's life.
|
|
What is life span?
|
The longest period that members of a species can live.
|
|
What is senescence?
|
Period of the life span marked by declines in physical functioning usually associated with aging; begins at different ages for different people.
|
|
What are genetic-programming theories?
|
Theories that explain biological aging as a resulting from a genetically determined developmental timetable.
|
|
What are the 4 Genetic-Programming Theories illustrated in the Human Development Textbook?
|
-Programmed senescence theory.
-Endocrine theory. -Immunological theory. -Evolutionary theory. |
|
What are variable-rate theories?
|
Theories that explain biological aging as a result of processes that vary from person to person and are influenced by both the internal and the external environment; sometimes called "error theories."
|
|
What are the 4 Variable-Rate Theories illustrated in the Human Development Textbook?
|
-Wear-and-tear theory.
-Free-radical theory. -Rate-of-living theory. -Autoimmune theory. |
|
What is metabolism?
|
Covnersion of food and oxygen into energy.
|
|
What are free radicals?
|
Unstable, highly reactive atoms or molecules, formed during metabolism, which can cause internal bodily damage.
|
|
What is autoimmunity?
|
Tendency of an aging body to mistake its own tissues for foreign invaders and to attack and destroy them.
|
|
What are survival curves?
|
Curves, plotted on a graph, showing percentages of a population that survive at each age level.
|
|
What if the Hayflick limit?
|
Genetically controlled limit, proposed by Hayflick, on the number of times cells can divide in members of a species.
|
|
What is reseve capacity?
|
Ability of body organs and systems to put forth four to ten times as much effort as usual under acute stress; also called "organ reserve."
|
|
What are cataracts?
|
Cloudy or opaque areas in the lens of the eye, which cause blurry vision.
|
|
What is age-related macular degeneration?
|
Condition in which the center of the retina gradually loses its ability to discern fine details; leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in older adults.
|
|
What is glaucoma?
|
Irreversible damage to the optic nerve caused by increased pressure in the eye.
|
|
What are activities of daily living (ADLs)?
|
Essential activities that support survival, such as eating, dressing, bathing, and getting around the house.
|
|
What are instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?
|
Indicators of functioning well-being and of the ability to live independently.
|
|
What is dementia?
|
Deterioration in cognitive and behavioral functioning due to physiological causes.
|
|
What is Alzheimer's disease?
|
Progressive, irreversible, degenerative brain disorder characterized by cognitive deterioration and loss of control of bodily functions, leading to death.
|
|
What is Parkinson's disease?
|
Progressive, irreversible degenerative neurological disorder, characterized by tremor, stiffness, slowed movement, and unstable posture.
|
|
What are neurofibrillary tangles?
|
Twisted masses of protein fibers found in brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease.
|
|
What is amyloid plaque?
|
Waxy chunks of insoluble tissue found in brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease.
|
|
What is cognitive reserve?
|
Hypothesized fund of energy that may enable a deteriorating brain to continue to function normally.
|
|
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
|
Intelligence test for adults, which yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.
|
|
What is sensory memory?
|
Initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information.
|
|
What is working memory?
|
Short-term storage of information being actively processed.
|
|
What is episodic memory?
|
Long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place.
|
|
What is semantic memory?
|
Long-term memory of general factual knowledge, social customs, and language.
|
|
What is procedural memory?
|
Long-term memory of motor skills, habits, and ways of doing things, which can be recalled without conscious effort; sometimes called "implicit memory."
|