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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is rough-and-tumble play?
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Vigorous play involving wrestling, hitting, and chasing, often accompanied by laughing and screaming.
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What is hypertension?
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Chronically high blood pressure
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What are "acute medical conditions?"
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Illnesses that last a short time
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What are "chronic medical conditions?"
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Illnesses or impairments that persist for at least three months.
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What is asthma?
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A chronic respiratory disease characterized by sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing.
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What are "concrete operations?"
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Third stage of Piagetian cognitive development (approximately ages 7 to 12), during which children develop logical but not abstract thinking.
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What is seriation?
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Ability to order items along a dimension
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What is transitive inference?
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Understanding of the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object.
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What is class inclusion?
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Understanding of the relationship between a whole and its parts.
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What is inductive reasoning?
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Type of logical reasoning that moves from particular observations about members of a class to a general conclusion about that class.
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What is deductive reasoning?
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Type of logical reasoning that moves from a general premise about a class to a conclusion about a particular member or members of the class.
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What is executive function?
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Conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems.
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What is metamemory?
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Understanding of processes of memory.
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What are mnemonic strategies?
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Techniques to aid memory.
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What are external memory aids?
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Mnemonic strategies using something outside the person.
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What is rehearsal?
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Mnemonic strategy to keep an item in working memory through conscious repetition.
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What is organization?
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Mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be remembered.
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What is elaboration?
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Mnemonic strategy of making mental associations involving items to be remembered.
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What is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III)?
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Individual intelligence test for school-age children, which yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.
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What is the Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT8)?
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Group intelligence test for kindergarten through twelfth grade.
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What is cultural bias?
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Tendency of intelligence tests to include items calling for knowledge or skills more familiar or meaningful to some cultural groups than to others.
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What are culture-free tests?
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Intelligence tests that, if they were possible to design, would have no culturally linked content.
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What are culture-fair tests?
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Intelligence tests that deal with experiences common to various cultures, in an attempt to avoid cultural bias.
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What are culture-relevant tests?
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Intelligence tests that would draw on and adjuct for culturally related content.
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What is the theory of multiple intelligences?
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Gardner's theory that each person has several distinct forms of intelligence.
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What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?
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Sternberg's theory describing three elements of intelligence: componential, experiential, and contextual.
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What is the componential element of the triarchic theory?
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Sternberg's term for the analytic aspect of intelligence.
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What is the experiential element of the triarchic theory?
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Sternberg's term for the insightful or creative aspect of intelligence.
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What is the contextual elemenent of the triarchic theory?
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Sternberg's term for the practical aspect of intelligence.
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What is tacit knowledge?
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Sternberg's term for information that is not formally taught or openly expressed but is necessary to get ahead.
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What is the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT)?
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Test that seeks to measure componential, experiential, and contextual intelligence.
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What is the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC-II)?
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Nontraditional individual intelligence test designed to provide fair assessments of minority children and children with disabilities.
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What is "pragmatics"?
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A set of linguistic rules that govern the use of language for communication.
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What is the "English-immersion approach?"
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Approach to teaching English as a second language in which instruction is presented only in English.
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What is bilingual education?
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System of teaching non-English-speaking children in their native language while they learn English, and later switching to all-English instruction.
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What does "Bilingual" mean?
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Fluent in two-languages.
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What is two-way (dual-language) learning?
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An approach to second-language education in which English speakers and non-English speakers learn together in their own and each other's languages.
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What is decoding?
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process of phentic analysis by which a printed word is converted to spoken form before retrieval from long-term memory.
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What is visually based retrieval?
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Process of retrieving the sound of a printed word when seeing the word as a whole.
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What is the phonetic (code-emphasis) approach?
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Approach to teaching reading that emphasizes decoding of unfamiliar words.
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What is the whole-language approach?
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Approach to teaching reading that emphasizes visual retrieval and use of contextual clues.
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What is metacognition?
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Awareness of a person's own mental processes.
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What is social capital?
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Family and community resources on which a person can draw.
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What is mental retardation?
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Significantly subnormal cognitive functioning.
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What is dyslexia?
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Developmental disorder in which reading achievement is substantioally lower than predicted by IQ or age.
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What are learning disabilities (LDs)?
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Disorders that interfere with specific aspects of learning and school achievement.
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What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
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Syndrome characterized by persistent inattention and distractibility, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and innappropriate overactivity.
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What is creativity?
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Ability to see situations in a new way, to produce innovations, or to discern previously unidentified problems and find novel solutions.
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What is convergent thinking?
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Thinking aimed at finding the one right answer to a problem.
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What is divergent thinking?
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Thinking that produces a variety of fresh, diverse possibilities.
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What are enrichment programs?
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Programs for educating the gifted that broaden and deepen knowledge and skills through extra activities, projects, field trips, or mentoring.
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What are acceleration programs?
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Programs for educating the gifted that move them through the curriculum at an unusually rapid pace.
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