1610 Fluid And Electrolytes

Front 1

What percentage of total body weight is water in an..
adult, infant, elderly

Back 1

adult 50-60%TBW
infant 77%
elderly 45%

Front 2

What electrolytes follow water?

Back 2

Sodium and Calcium

Front 3

The general functions of fluids and electrolytes are?
(3)

Back 3

transport nutrients, gases and waste products

Front 4

What is the movement of water from an area of lesser concentration of solutes to a greater concentration of solutes?

Back 4

Osmosis

Front 5

What is the movement of solutes from a greater concentration to lesser consentration?

Back 5

Diffusion

Front 6

What requires energy to move from lesser to higher concentration?
exp Na/K pump

Back 6

Active Transport

Front 7

What is the passage of fluid from high to low pressure areas called?
What kind of pressure is this?

Back 7

Filtration
Hydrostatic pressure

Front 8

What F & E movement is considered going "down hill?"

Back 8

Diffusion

Front 9

What F & E movement is considered going "pumping up hill?"

Back 9

Active transport

Front 10

What is osmolarity?

Back 10

it is the pulling power, or concentration of particles in a solution.

Front 11

A solution that has the same concentration of particles as plasma is called?

Back 11

Isotonic solution

Front 12

What does a hypertonic solution do to cells?

Back 12

Because a hypertonic solution has a higher osmolarity water moves out of cells and is drawn into the intravascular compartment. Making the cells shrink!

Front 13

What does hypotonic solution do to cells?

Back 13

a hypotonic solution has a lower osmolarity in the intravascular space and moves out of this space into intracellular space. Making the cells swell and even burst.

Front 14

What are 3 types of Isotonic IV solutions?

Back 14

0.9 NS, RL (ringers lactate), D5W

Front 15

What are 2 types of Hypotonic IV solutions?

Back 15

0.45 NaCl (half NS)
0.33 NaCl (1/3 NS)

Front 16

Name 4 Hypertonic IV solutions?

Back 16

D5 0.9NS
D5 0.45 NS
D5RL
D10W

Front 17

Filtration is infulenced by 2 types of pressures?

Back 17

Hydrostatic pressure- pushing force out of artery
Colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure-pulling force, plasma proteins (albumin) in IVS or plasma

Front 18

What is desirable amt of fluid intake and loss in adults per 24 hrs?

Back 18

1500 to 3500 mL each 24 hrs

Front 19

T or F kidneys have the ability to retain or eliminate electrolytes?

Back 19

True

Front 20

ADH is... and does...

Back 20

Anti diuretic hormone
It causes the kidneys to retain water.

Front 21

Aldosterone causes

Back 21

vasoconstriction, Na, and water retention

Front 22

Atrial Naturetic Peptide does what to ADH release?

Back 22

it stops it!

Front 23

What is Hypovolemia?

Back 23

deficiency of blood plasma
Loss of water and solutes from ECF
Weight loss occurs.

Front 24

What is Hypervolemia?

Back 24

Excess of plasma
Excessive retention of water and solutes.

Front 25

Third spacing is

Back 25

Fluids shift from intravascular to tissue space
potential body spaces such as pleural, peritoneal, pericardinal, joint, interstitial spaces.

Front 26

What might be reasons third spacing exists?

Back 26

third spacing may occur because of severe burns, bowel obstruction, hypoalbuminemia

Front 27

Assessment finding in FVD are...

Back 27

> HR, mental status changes, cool pale skin, weak pulses, <capillary refill, concentrated urine, <urine output, Dry mouth, < skin turgor, >BUN, <Hgb/Hct, >Hct if water loss,
Urine specific gravity >1.025

Front 28

What are the treatments for FVD?

Back 28

Daily weights, fluid replacement- Iso or hypo tonic IV's, albumin, blood, I&O,

Front 29

What is it called when you have an excessive fluid shift to the interstitial spaces.

Back 29

Edema

Front 30

What is fluid in the lungs sound like?
Where are they heard first?

Back 30

Crackles
First heard in lower lobes of lungs.

Front 31

What might you find in an assessment for FVE?

Back 31

Rapid bounding pulse, >bp, distended veins, Edema, weight gain, <BUN, < Hct<pO2, pulmonary congestion.

Front 32

What are some treatments for Fluid volume excess

Back 32

Reduce fluids, watch Na, diuretics, hemokialysis, VS, I&O, weight, edema, skincare

Front 33

Name 4 Extracellular Electrolytes.

Back 33

Na, Cl, Ca, PO4

Front 34

Name 3 Intracellular Electrolytes.

Back 34

K, Mg, PO4

Front 35

T or F
Na, Cl, and water imblances frequently occur together?

Back 35

True

Front 36

Excessive output of urine or GI results in low ca?

Back 36

False it results in low K

Front 37

Hyperglycemia and steroids lower K? T or F

Back 37

True

Front 38

Renal Failure raises MG and K?

Back 38

False it raises K and PO4

Front 39

Cell damage raises Mg and K?

Back 39

True

Front 40

Blood transfusions lower k and elevate Ca?

Back 40

false it lowers Ca and elevates K

Front 41

Diarrhea lowers Ca and K?

Back 41

True

Front 42

Cancer metastasis decreases Ca?

Back 42

false it raises it

Front 43

Pregnancy lowers Mg?

Back 43

true

Front 44

What electrolyte disrupts mental status?

Back 44

Na

Front 45

What electrolyte is responsible for cardiac and mucle?

Back 45

K

Front 46

What electrolyte disrupts reflexes and muscles?

Back 46

Mg

Front 47

Chvosket and Trousseau, bone changes and nerve impulses?

Back 47

Ca

Front 48

What foods are high and low in Sodium?

Back 48

Canned soups, ham, bacon, olives, relish

Front 49

What foods are high and low in Potassium?

Back 49

banana, avocado, apricots, cantalope, milk

Front 50

What foods are high and low in Calcium?

Back 50

Milk, tofu, cabbage,

Front 51

What foods are high and low in Magnesium?

Back 51

artichokes, almonds,spinich pumpkin seeds