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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Calcium Level
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8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL
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Role of calcium in the body?
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+need for the process of bone formation
+coagulation of blood +excitation of cardiac and skeletal muscle +maintenance of muscle tone, +conduction of neuromuscular impulses, +the synthesis and regulation of the endocrine and exocrine glands. |
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Normal magnesium level
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1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL
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Role of magnesium in the body?
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+Concentrated in the bone, cartilage, and within the cell itself:
-Required for the use of ATP as a source of energy -Necessary for the action of numerous enzyme systems (carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, contraction of muscular tissue) -Regulates neuromuscular activity and clotting mechanism. |
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Normal Potassium Level
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3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L
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Role of potassium in the body?
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+Principle electrolyte of intracellular fluid and primary buffer w/in the cell.
+Needed for nerve conduction +Muscle function +Acid-base balance +Osmotic pressure +Along with Ca2+ and Mg, it controls the rate and force of contraction of the heart and thus cardiac output. |
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Normal phosphorus level
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2.7 to 4.5 mg/dL
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Role of phosphorus in the body?
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+Needed for generation of body tissue
+Functions in the metabolism of glucose and lipids +Maintenance of acid-base balance +Storage and transfer of energy from one site in the body to another. |
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What electrolyte is present in the body at inverse levels of phosphorus?
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Calcium. When calcium levels are decreased, phosphorus levels are increased and vice versa.
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Normal sodium level
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135-145 mEq/L
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Role of sodium in the body.
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Maintains osmotic pressure and acid-base balance and transmits nerve impulses.
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What is the total daily body fluid excretion and through what systems does this occur.
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Total: 2500 mL
Skin by diffusion: 400 mL SKin by perspiration: 100 mL Lungs: 350 mL Feces: 150 mL Kidneys: 1500 mL |
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What is Isotonic dehydration?
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-Water and dissolved electrolytes are lost in equal proportions. (Hypovolemia)
-Results in decreased circulating blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion. |
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Define Hypertonic dehydation.
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-Water loss exceeds electrolyte loss.
-Fluid moves from the intracellular compartment into the plasma and intersititial fluid spaces, causing cellular dehydration and shrinkage. |
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Define hypotonic dehydration.
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-Electrolyte loss exceeds water loss
-Clinical problems result due to fluid shifting between compartments, causing a decrease in plasma volume. -Fluid moves from teh plasma and interstitial fluid spaces into the cells, causing a plasma volume deficit and causing the cells to swell. |
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What is Chvostek's sign?
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A test for hypocalcemia. It is the contraction of facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear.
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What is Trousseau's sign?
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A test for hypocalcemia. It is a carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure for a few minutes.
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