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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetic code |
amino acid translations of each nucleotide triplets |
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# of triplets that codes for amino acids |
61 out of 64 |
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triplet with dual function |
AUG |
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AUG |
codes for methionine and serves as start codon (of polypeptide chain) |
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triplets that serve as stop codon (end of translation) |
UAG, UGA, UAA |
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transcription is simpler in |
prokaryotic compared to eukaryotic |
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stages of transcription |
initiation, elongation, termination |
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initiation |
attachment of rna polymerase to promoter |
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once rna polymerase attaches |
double helix opens and starts synthesize RNA |
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elongation |
newly formed RNA starts to grow, peels away, and DNA strands come back together |
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termination |
RNA polymerase detaches from newly made RNA strand and gene |
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kind of RNA that encodes amino acid sequences |
mRNA |
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transcription and translation in prokaryotic cells occur in |
cytoplasm |
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In eukaryptoc cell, mRNA exit |
in nucleus via nuclear pores then enter cytoplasm |
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processing of mRNA is addition of |
small cap (5' end) & long tail (3') |
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small cap is made of |
guanine nucleotide |
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long tail is made of |
5-50 adenine nucleotide |
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functions of cap and tail to mRNA |
facilitate export of mRNA; protect mRNA from degradation; help ribosomes bind to mRNA |
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are cap and tail translated into proteins? |
Nope. |
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RNA splicing |
introns (non coding regions) are spliced so that exons (coding regions) can bind |
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RNA splicing catalyzed by |
proteins and small RNA molecules |
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most eukaryotic genes are longer than mRNA |
introns are spliced before going out of nucleus |
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carries amino acids |
tRNA (transfer) |
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monomer of protein |
amino acids |
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mRNA attach to |
ribosomes |
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ribosomes are made of |
rRNA (ribosomal) |
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ribosomes make |
proteins |
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how to know which amino acid? |
tRNA finds complementary bases on mRNA |
