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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These enzyme with the presence of oxygen in the surrounding air, goes into chemical reactions of plant compounds and these reactions produce brown pigments through the process of enzymatic browning |
Polyphenol oxidase |
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A chemical agent that speed up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
Catalyst |
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A catalytic protein |
Enzyme |
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Initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called |
Free energy of activation/activation energy |
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Often supplied in the form of heat from the surroundings |
Activation energy |
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Catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier |
Enzymes |
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Allow reactant molecules to absorb enough energy at moderate temperatures |
Enzyme |
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Do not affect the change in free energy; instead, they hasten reactions that would occur eventually |
Enzymes |
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Reactant that an enzyme acts on |
Substrate |
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Enxyme binds to substrate forming |
Enzyme-substrate complex |
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The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
Active site |
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___________ of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance theit ability to catalyze the reaction |
Induced fit |
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Active site lowers Ea barrier thru |
-orienting substrates correctly -straining substrate bonds -providing a favorable microenvironment -covalently bonding to the substrate |
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Enzyme's activity can be affected by |
General environamental factors -temperature -pH Chemicals -cofactors -coenzymes |
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Nonprotein enzyme helpers |
Cofactors |
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May be inorganic or organic |
Cofactors |
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Heme(iron) in hemoglobin |
Cofactor |
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Organic cofactors and includes vitamins |
Coenzymes |
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Thiamine (Vitamin B1) |
Coenzymes |
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Bind to the active site of enzyme, competing with the substrate |
Competetive inhibitors |
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Bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective |
Noncompetetive inhibitors |
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Allosteric regulation |
Noncompetetive inhibitor |
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The term used to describe cases where a protein's function at one site is affected by binding of a regulatory molecule at another site |
Allosteric regulation |
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Most allosterically regulated enzymes are made from |
Polypeptide subunits |
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Stabilizes the active form of the enzyme |
Binding of an activator |
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Stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme |
Binding of an inhibitor |
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The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway |
Feedback inhibition |
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Prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources by synthesizing more product than is needed |
Feedback inhibition |
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Enzymes for cellular respiration is located in |
Mitochondria |
