1415 Final Review

Front 1

After load refers to resistance that heart must pump again which increase after load?

Back 1

Hypertension

Front 2

Preload refers to volume (load) in heart at end diastole which increased preload?

Back 2

Mitral regurgitation

Front 3

Right ventricle consist of an inflow tract and outflow tract, another word for RVOT?

Back 3

Infundibulum

Front 4

Normal anatomy for RVIT?

Back 4

Tricuspid valve apparatus, Sub-valvular apparatus

Front 5

Aortic isthmus is located between?

Back 5

Left subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum

Front 6

During this phase of the cardiac cycle, the AV valves are closed, the semi lunar valve’s are open, and the blood is being ejected from the heart?

Back 6

Systole

Front 7

Period of relaxation when ventricles fill with blood

Back 7

Diastole

Front 8

Aortic and Pulmonic close abruptly causing the _____ heart sound and bulging of IVRT?

Back 8

Second

Front 9

Immediately precedes diastole, all four valves are closed

Back 9

IVRT

Front 10

During this phase, all four valves are closed and pressure increase within ventricles:

Back 10

IVCT

Front 11

Cardiac output equals?

Back 11

CO= HR x SV

Front 12

Equation for stroke volume?

Back 12

SV= EDV-ESV

Front 13

Equation for CI?

Back 13

CI= CO/ BSA

Front 14

Which is related to rate of contraction?

Back 14

Chronotropic output

Front 15

Related to force of contraction?

Back 15

Inotropic

Front 16

Wall motion term – hibernation of wall muscle?

Back 16

Akinetic

Front 17

Excessive wall motion. >70%

Back 17

Hyperkinetic

Front 18

Decreased wall motion <55%

Back 18

Hypokinetic

Front 19

Away from center of wall cavity, may indicate MI

Back 19

Dyskinetic

Front 20

Cardiac cycle diagram

Back 20

Cardiac cycle diagram

Front 21

Identify m-mode anatomy

Back 21

Anatomy of PLAX

Front 22

Identify Which walls are visualize in apical 4ch

Back 22

Anterolateral

Inferoseptal

Front 23

Which view is used to interrogate LVLT and AOV with pulse wave Doppler?

Back 23

Apical 5 chamber

Front 24

Which Doppler view is used to interrogate mitral valve?

Back 24

Apical 2 chamber, 4 chamber

Front 25

Which Doppler view is used to interrogate tricuspid valve?

Back 25

PSAX @ base, apical 4ch

Front 26

Which Doppler view is used to interrogate pulmonic valve?

Back 26

PSAX, aortic level

Front 27

This produces an ice pick image?

Back 27

M-mode

Front 28

Identify m-mode anatomy from PLAX:

Back 28

RVFW, RV, IVS, LV, LVFW, pericardium

Front 29

What does the E- wave peak velocity represent?

Back 29

Early diastolic LA- LV pressure gradient

Front 30

What occurs with left ventricle volume during A (IVRT)?

Back 30

Constant

Hint 30

Front 31

What is considered normal E/e’ ratio?

Back 31

6

Normal <8

Front 32

What Doppler measurement is A?

Back 32

IVRT

Hint 32

Front 33

Which would show least change in systole?

Back 33

Left atrium

Front 34

What is normal LVOT measurement?

Back 34

18-22

Front 35

Which falls within range of 160- 240 msec?

Back 35

E deceleration time

Front 36

Which may be present if LVOT waveform is a late peaking (dagger shape) systolic jet is >2 m/sec?

Back 36

LVOT obstruction

Front 37

A normal QRS should be ______ or less

Back 37

0.12

Front 38

The P-wave on ECG waveform represents?

Back 38

Electric atrial systole

Front 39

QRS ecg waveform represents?

Back 39

Ventricular repolarization

Front 40

Ventricular diastole is the event represented on which ECG wave?

Back 40

T wave

Front 41

The electrical signal fire first, then heart reacts mechanically

T or F

Back 41

True

Front 42

The EKG has a peak ST segment due to?

Back 42

Hyperkalemia

Front 43

Sinus rhythm with heart rate of >100?

Back 43

Sinus tachycardia

Front 44

The most common cause of pathologic tachycardia and arrhythmia’s results from what?

Back 44

Myocardial infarction

Front 45

Which indicates normal sinus rhythm?

Back 45

SA node is the pacemaker

Front 46

Which delays electrical impulse in order to enable atria to deliver blood to ventricles?

Back 46

AV node

Front 47

ECG to the right has a swooping ST segment due to?

Back 47

Digitalis overdose

Front 48

What structure is responsible for the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products?

Back 48

Placenta

Front 49

What week marks the completion of the major development of the heart?

Back 49

Week 7

Front 50

What is the oxygen saturation in the umbilical arteries?

Back 50

58%

Front 51

What causes the foramen ovale to close?

Back 51

Increased left atrial pressure

Front 52

What is the name of the only great vessel leaving the heart early in development?

Back 52

Truncus arteriosus

Front 53

Within the atrial ventricular canal, what grows and fuses until ultimately the atrial ventricular canal is divided and the atrioventricular valve are formed?

Back 53

Endocardial cushions

Front 54

What is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus called?

Back 54

Ligamentum arteriosum

Front 55

Depleted blood returns to the fetal heart via what vessel?

Back 55

Superior vena cava

Front 56

What two findings are expected while performing an echo on a premature baby?

Back 56

Patent ductus arteriosus

Patent foramen ovale

Front 57

Identify structures

Back 57

Back (Definition)

Front 58

Which is the most life-threatening arrhythmia and is often the end rhythm before the systole of death?

Back 58

V fib

Front 59

Which ECG components is most affected with a myocardial infarct?

Back 59

ST