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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Structural and functional units of the nervous system which act as specialized conductors of impulses that enable the body to interact with its internal and external environments
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Neurons (nerve cells)
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Act as supporting tissue
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Neuroglia
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Conduct impulses from one location to another
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Nerve fibers and tracts
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Receives impulses from throughout the body, processes the information, and responds with an appropriate action
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Central nervous system
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Governs sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements
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Brain
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Conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to body parts, also serves as a reflex center for impulses entering and leaving the spinal cord without involvement of the brain
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Spinal cord
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Links the central nervous system with other parts of the body
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Peripheral nervous system
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Provide sensory input and motor control, or a combination of these
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Cranial nerves
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Carry impulses to the spinal cord and to muscles, organs, and glands
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Spinal nerves
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Controls involuntary bodily functions such as sweating and arterial blood pressure
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Autonomic nervous system
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Governs all sensory and motor activity; sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements
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Cerebrum
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Plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output
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Cerebellum
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Is the relay center for all sensory impulses (except olfactory) being transmitted to the sensory areas of the cortex, and relays motor impulses from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia to motor areas of the cortex, thought to be involve with emotions and arousal mechanisms
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Thalamus
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Serves as the principal regulator of autonomic nervous activity that is associated with behavior and expression
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Hypothalamus
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Is a two-way conduction pathway and acts as a relay center for visual and auditory impulses
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Midbrain
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Links the cerebellum and medulla to higher cortical areas; plays a role in somatic and visceral motor control
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Pons
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Acts as the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center; regullates and controls breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting as well as heartbeat and arterial blood pressure, thereby exerting control over the circulation of blood
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Medulla oblongata
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Provides sense of smell
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Olfactory (I) nerve
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Provides vision
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Optic (II) nerve
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Conducts motor impulses to four of the six external muscles of the eye and to the muscle that raises the eyelid
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Oculomotor (III) nerve
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Conducts motor impulses to control the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball
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Trochlear (IV) nerve
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Provides sensory input from the face, nose, mouth, forehead, and top of the head; motor fibers to the muscles of the jaw (chewing)
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Trigeminal (V) nerve
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Conducts motor impulses to the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball
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Abducens (VI) nerve
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Controls the muscles of the face and scalp; the lacrimal glands of the eye and the submanibular and sublingual salivary glands; input from the tongue for the sense of taste
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Facial (VII) nerve
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Provides input for hearing and equilibrium
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Vestibulocochlear (Acoustic) (VIII) nerve
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Provides general sense of taste; regulates swallowing; controls secretion of saliva
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Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
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Controls muscles of the pharynx, larynx, thoracic, and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice production, slowing of heartbeat, accerleration of peristalsis
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Vagus (X) nerve
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Controls the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, permitting movement of the head and shoulders
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Accessory (XI) nerve
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Controls the tongue; tongue movements
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Hypoglossal (XII) nerve
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-kinesia
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motion, movement
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mnes
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memory
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myo
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muscle
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-troph
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nourishment
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later
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side
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scler
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hardening
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an-
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lack of
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-algesian
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condition of pain
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encephal
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brain
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-esthesia
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feeling
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-phagia
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to eat, swallow
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phasia
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to speak, speech
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-praxia
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action
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-sthenia
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strength
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astro-
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star-shaped
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cyt
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cell
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-oma
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tumor
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-taxia
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order, coordination
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brady-
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slow
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cephal
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head
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-algia
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pain
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cerebell
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little brain
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-ar
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pertaining to
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cerebro
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cerebrum
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spin
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a thorn, spine
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-al
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pertaining to
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concuss
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shaken violently
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-ion
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process
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crani
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skull
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de-
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down
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ment
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mind
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-ia
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condition
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disk
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a disk
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dys-
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difficult
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-lexia
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diction, word, phrase
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electro-
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electricity
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-graphy
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recording
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epi-
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upon
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dur
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dura, hard
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-scopy
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visual examination, to view, examine
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-lepsy
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seizure
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ganglion
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knot
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gli
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glue
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hemi-
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half
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-paresis
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weakness
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-plegia
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stroke, paralysis
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hydro-
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water
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-us
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pertaining to
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hyper-
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excessive
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hypn
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sleep
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intra-
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within
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lamin
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thin plate
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lobo
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lobe
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meningi
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membrane, meninges
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-cele
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hernia
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myelo
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spinal cord
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micro-
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small
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narco
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numbness, sleep, stupor
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neur
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nerve
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-lemma
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a sheath, husk, rind
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-blast
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germ cell
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fibr
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fiber
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oligo-
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little
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dendro
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tree
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pallido
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globus pallidus
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papill
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papilla
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-edema
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swelling
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para-
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beside
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pheo
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dusky
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chromo
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color
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polio
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gray
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poly-
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many
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quadri-
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four
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somn
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sleep
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ambul
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to walk
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spondylo
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vertebra
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syn-
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together
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-desis
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binding
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sub-
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below
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sympath
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sympathy
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vago
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vagus, wandering
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ventriculo
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little belly
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-metry
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measurement
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ACh
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acetylcholine
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AD
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Alzheimer's disease
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ALS
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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ANS
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autonomic nervous system
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cm
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centimeter
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CNS
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central nervous system
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CP
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cerebral palsy
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CSF
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cerebral spinal fluid
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CT
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computerized tomography
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident
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DBS
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deep brain stimulation
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
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HDS
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herniated disk syndrome
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HNP
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herniated nucleus pulposus
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ICP
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intracranial pressure
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LP
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lumbar puncture
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mL
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milliliter
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MS
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multiple sclerosis
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Neuro
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neurology
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NREM
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no rapid eye movement (sleep)
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PET
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positron emission tomography
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PNS
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peripheral nervous system
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REM
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rapid eye movement (sleep)
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TENS
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transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack
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