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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pulmonary circulation normally?
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Low resistance, high compliance
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What does a decrease in PAo2 cause to pulmonary circulation?
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Hypoxic vasoconstriction that shifts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of lung to well-ventilated regions of lung
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What is perfusion limited pulmonary circulation?
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Gas equilibrates early along the length of the capillary, normal health
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What is diffusion limited pulmonary circulation?
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Gas does not equilibrate by the time blood reaches the end of the capillary
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What 2 diseases are associated with diffusion limited?
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Emphysema, Fibrosis
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What is a consequence of pulmonary hypertension?
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Cor pulmonale and subsequent right ventricular failure (JVD, edema, hepatomegaly)
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What is normal pulmonary artery pressure?
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10-14 mmHg
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What is the pressure during pulmonary hypertension?
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>= 25 mmHg
or >= 35 mmHg during exercise |
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What is the pathology of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension?
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Inactivating mutation in the BMPR2 gene, poor prognosis
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What is the pathology of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension?
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Due to COPD, mitral stenosis, recurrent thromboemboli, autoimmune disease, left-to-right shunt, sleep apnea/ living at high altitude
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What drug do you use to treat pulmonary hypertension?
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Bosentan
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What is the alveolar gas equation?
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PAo2 = 150 - PaCO2 / 0.8
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What are the 2 causes of hypoxemia with a normal A-a gradient?
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High altitude
Hypoventilation |
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What are the 3 causes of hypoxemia with a elevated A-a gradient?
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V/Q mismatch
Diffusion limitation R-to-L shunt |
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What are the 4 causes of Hypoxia?
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Dec cardiac output
Hypoxemia Anemia CO poisoning |
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What are the 2 causes of Ischemia?
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Impeded Arterial Flow
Reduced Venous Drainage |
